{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T12:48:17Z","timestamp":1763642897199,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]],"date-time":"2020-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work presents a wireless sensor network (WSN) system able to determine the water quality of rivers. Particularly, we consider the Tahuando River from Ibarra, Ecuador, as a case study. The main goal of this research is to determine the river\u2019s status throughout its route, by generating data reports into an interactive user interface. To this end, we use an array of sensors collecting several measures such as: turbidity, temperature, water quality, pH, and temperature. Subsequently, from the information collected on an Internet-of-Things (IoT) server, we develop a data analysis scheme with both data representation and supervised classification. As an important result, our system outputs a map that shows the contamination levels of the river at different regions. Furthermore, in terms of data analysis performance, the proposed system reduces the data matrix by 97% from its original size, while it reaches a classification performance over 90%. Furthermore, as an additional remarkable result, we here introduce the so-called quantitative metric of balance (QMB), which measures the balance or ratio between performance and power consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12121988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T09:05:33Z","timestamp":1592903133000},"page":"1988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Intelligent WSN System for Water Quality Analysis Using Machine Learning Algorithms: A Case Study (Tahuando River from Ecuador)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1995-400X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul D.","family":"Rosero-Montalvo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Automatics Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Applied Sciences, Universidad T\u00e9cnica del Norte, 100150 Ibarra, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5715-7784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian F.","family":"L\u00f3pez-Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Automatics Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6134-4139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime A.","family":"Riascos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Universidad Mariana, 520001 Pasto, Colombia"},{"name":"Department of Engineering, Corporaci\u00f3n Universitaria Aut\u00f3noma de Nari\u00f1o, 520002 Pasto, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9045-6997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego H.","family":"Peluffo-Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Corporaci\u00f3n Universitaria Aut\u00f3noma de Nari\u00f1o, 520002 Pasto, Colombia"},{"name":"School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Universidad Yachay Tech, 100650 Urcuqu\u00ed, Ecuador"},{"name":"SDAS Researh Group, 100150 Ibarra, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4787","DOI":"10.1109\/TLA.2016.7817012","article-title":"Monitoring pH with quality control based on Geostatistics Methodology","volume":"14","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Lat. 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