{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T05:05:10Z","timestamp":1782968710437,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agriculture Victoria Reseach","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001044","name":"Dairy Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001044","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001045","name":"Gardiner Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001045","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to develop empirical pasture dry matter (DM) yield prediction models using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne sensor at four flying altitudes. Three empirical models were developed using features generated from the multispectral sensor: Structure from Motion only (SfM), vegetation indices only (VI), and in combination (SfM+VI) within a machine learning modelling framework. Four flying altitudes were tested (25 m, 50 m, 75 m and 100 m) and based on independent model validation, combining features from SfM+VI outperformed the other models at all heights. However, the importance of SfM-based features changed with altitude, with limited importance at 25 m but at all higher altitudes SfM-based features were included in the top 10 features in a variable importance plot. Based on the independent validation results, data generated at 25 m flying altitude reported the best model performances with model accuracy of 328 kg DM\/ha. In contrast, at 100 m flying altitude, the model reported an accuracy of 402 kg DM\/ha which demonstrates the potential of scaling up this technology at farm scale. The spatial-temporal maps provide valuable information on pasture DM yield and DM accumulation of herbage mass over the time, supporting on-farm management decisions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12122017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T07:14:19Z","timestamp":1592982859000},"page":"2017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["The Fusion of Spectral and Structural Datasets Derived from an Airborne Multispectral Sensor for Estimation of Pasture Dry Matter Yield at Paddock Scale with Time"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9278-7941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senani","family":"Karunaratne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank VIC 3821, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank VIC 3821, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Morse-McNabb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank VIC 3821, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2574-6303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayan","family":"Wijesingha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grassland Science &amp; Renewable Plant Resources, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Universit\u00e4t Kassel, Steinstra\u00dfe 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dani","family":"Stayches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank VIC 3821, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Copland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank VIC 3821, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank VIC 3821, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Garcia, S.C., Clark, C., Kerrisk, K., Islam, M., Farina, S., and Evans, J. 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