{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T12:09:53Z","timestamp":1781179793207,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,27]],"date-time":"2020-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006021","name":"Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019Armement","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HypFoM ANR-15ASTR-019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HypFoM ANR-15ASTR-019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006021","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HypFoM ANR-15ASTR-019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HypFoM ANR-15ASTR-019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monitoring of coastal areas by remote sensing is an important issue. The interest of using an unmixing method to determine the seabed composition from hyperspectral aerial images of coastal areas is investigated. Unmixing provides both seabed abundances and endmember reflectances. A sub-surface mixing model is presented, based on a recently proposed oceanic radiative transfer model that accounts for seabed adjacency effects in the water column. Two original non-negative matrix factorization (    N M F    )-based unmixing algorithms, referred to as     W A D J U M     (Water ADJacency UnMixing) and     W U M     (Water UnMixing, no adjacency effects) are developed, assuming as known the water column bio-optical properties. Simulations show that     W A D J U M     algorithm achieves performance close to that of the     N M F    -based unmixing of the seabed without any water column, up to 10 m depth.     W U M     performance is lower and decreases with the depth. The robustness of the algorithms when using erroneous information about the water column bio-optical properties is evaluated. The results show that the abundance estimation is more reliable using     W A D J U M     approach.     W A D J U M     is applied to real data acquired along the French coast; the derived abundance maps of the benthic habitats are discussed and compared to the maps obtained using a fixed spectral library and a least-square (    L S    ) estimation of the seabed mixing coefficients. The results show the relevance of the     W A D J U M     algorithm for the local analysis of the benthic habitats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12132072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T11:17:17Z","timestamp":1593429437000},"page":"2072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Mapping Benthic Habitats by Extending Non-Negative Matrix Factorization to Address the Water Column and Seabed Adjacency Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6125-1159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mireille","family":"Guillaume","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Aix Marseille Univ, F-13013 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2290-6383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey","family":"Minghelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SeaTech, LIS Laboratory, Universit\u00e9 de Toulon, CNRS UMR 7020, 83041 Toulon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8769-2446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yannick","family":"Deville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRAP, Observatoire Midi-Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, UPS-CNRS-OMP, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7815-0533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malik","family":"Chami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Atmosph\u00e8res Milieux Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS-INSU, Boulevard de L\u2019Observatoire, CS 34229, CEDEX 06304 Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Juste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Aix Marseille Univ, F-13013 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Lenot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CS Systemes d\u2019Information Company, 31506 Toulouse CEDEX 05, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Lafrance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CS Systemes d\u2019Information Company, 31506 Toulouse CEDEX 05, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8488-834X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvain","family":"Jay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Aix Marseille Univ, F-13013 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1229-7396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Briottet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ONERA\/DOTA, BP 74025-2 Avenue Edouard Belin, FR-31055 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronique","family":"Serfaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DGA\/DS\/MRIS, 75509 Paris CEDEX 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubinsky, Z., and Stambler, N. 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