{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T20:06:35Z","timestamp":1773518795608,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) as Public Technology Program based on Environmental Policy","award":["2017000160001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017000160001"]}]},{"name":"Project-Fine Particle of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT), the Ministry of Environment (ME), and the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW)","award":["NRF-2017M3D8A1092021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017M3D8A1092021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, the spatio-temporal variability of aerosol optical depth (AOD), total column ozone (TCO), and total column NO2 (TCN) was identified over East Asia using long-term datasets from ground-based and satellite observations. Based on the statistical results, optimized spatio-temporal ranges for the validation study were determined with respect to the target materials. To determine both spatial and temporal ranges for the validation study, we confirmed that the observed datasets can be statistically considered as the same quantity within the ranges. Based on the thresholds of R2&gt;0.95 (temporal) and R&gt;0.95 (spatial), the basic ranges for spatial and temporal scales for AOD validation was within 30 km and 30 min, respectively. Furthermore, the spatial scales for AOD validation showed seasonal variation, which expanded the range to 40 km in summer and autumn. Because of the seasonal change of latitudinal gradient of the TCO, the seasonal variation of the north-south range is a considerable point. For the TCO validation, the north-south range is varied from 0.87\u00b0 in spring to 1.05\u00b0 in summer. The spatio-temporal range for TCN validation was 20 min (temporal) and 20\u201350 km (spatial). However, the nearest value of satellite data was used in the validation because the spatio-temporal variation of TCN is large in summer and autumn. Estimation of the spatio-temporal variability for respective pollutants may contribute to improving the validation of satellite products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12142256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T11:03:23Z","timestamp":1594724603000},"page":"2256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Spatio-Temporal Variability of Aerosol Optical Depth, Total Ozone and NO2 Over East Asia: Strategy for the Validation to the GEMS Scientific Products"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sang Seo","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Urban &amp; Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1279-8331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8987-2176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Keun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Urban &amp; Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea"}]},{"given":"Jong-Uk","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2216-2644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang-Ho","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Urban &amp; Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"D21201","article-title":"Estimating ground-level PM2.5 using aerosol optical depth determined from satellite remote sensing","volume":"111","author":"Martin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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