{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T11:58:06Z","timestamp":1763035086471,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201906960100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201906960100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61775175, 61601355, 41874195, 41831072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61775175, 61601355, 41874195, 41831072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFC1407303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1407303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Pilot Project for Space Science (Phase II)","award":["XDA15350202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA15350202"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aurora, the spectacular phenomenon commonly occurring in high latitudes, is caused by the precipitation of energetic particles penetrating the Earth\u2019s atmosphere. Being the result of solar-terrestrial interactions, electron precipitation significantly contributes to auroral production. To evaluate its magnitude, a physical quantity describing the characteristics of precipitating auroral electrons\u2014their characteristic energy\u2014is adopted. In this paper, this quantity is derived from joint data observed by the ground-based auroral spectroscopic imager located in Antarctica Zhongshan Station and the particle detectors \u201cSpecial Sensor J5 (SSJ5)\u201d on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites. A postprocessing scheme of ground-based spectral data is proposed to infer the characteristic energy that successively uses classical brute-force, recursive brute-force and self-consistent approximation strategies for step-up speed improvement. Then, the inferred characteristic energies are compared to the average energies calibrated from the relevant electron data detected by SSJ5 to confirm whether this inference is valid. Regarding DMSP F18\/SSJ5, these two energy estimations about auroral electrons deviate slightly from each other and show a strong linear relationship. It sheds light on further applications of the valuable aurora spectral data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12142259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T11:03:23Z","timestamp":1594724603000},"page":"2259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Comparative Study of Estimating Auroral Electron Energy from Ground-Based Hyperspectral Imagery and DMSP-SSJ5 Particle Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9814-2028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanqiu","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"},{"name":"MNR Key Laboratory of Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2448-2094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zejun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MNR Key Laboratory of Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China"}]},{"given":"Jiaji","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9106-7064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tan","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0651-4278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gwanggil","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"},{"name":"Department of Embedded Systems Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A12220","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JA010545","article-title":"Auroral particle acceleration by strong double layers: The upward current region","volume":"109","author":"Ergun","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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