{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T16:52:36Z","timestamp":1776444756853,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2018R1A5A1025137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018R1A5A1025137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Augmented reality can improve construction and facility management by visualizing an as-planned model on its corresponding surface for fast, easy, and correct information retrieval. This requires the localization registration of an as-built model in an as-planned model. However, the localization and registration of indoor environments fail, owing to self-similarity in an indoor environment, relatively large as-planned models, and the presence of additional unplanned objects. Therefore, this paper proposes a computer vision-based method to (1) homogenize indoor as-planned and as-built models, (2) reduce the search space of model matching, and (3) localize the structure (e.g., room) for registration of the scanned area in its as-planned model. This method extracts a representative horizontal cross section from the as-built and as-planned point clouds to make these models similar, restricts unnecessary transformation to reduce the search space, and corresponds the line features for the estimation of the registration transformation matrix. The performance of this method, in terms of registration accuracy, is evaluated on as-built point clouds of rooms and a hallway on a building floor. A rotational error of 0.005 rad and a translational error of 0.088 m are observed in the experiments. Hence, the geometric feature described on a representative cross section with transformation restrictions can be a computationally cost-effective solution for indoor localization and registration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12142302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T10:59:38Z","timestamp":1595242778000},"page":"2302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["BIM-Based Registration and Localization of 3D Point Clouds of Indoor Scenes Using Geometric Features for Augmented Reality"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4003-0987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilawal","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea"}]},{"given":"SangUk","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9205-3836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, KyungPook National University, 1370 Sangyegk-Dong, Buk-Gu, DaeGu 702-701, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04019032","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000843","article-title":"2D drawing visualization framework for applying projection-based augmented reality in a panelized construction manufacturing facility: Proof of concept","volume":"33","author":"Ahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Comput. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Golparvar-Fard, M., Pe\u00f1a-Mora, F.A., and Savarese, S. (2015). Four-Dimensional Augmented Reality Models for Interactive Visualization and Automated Construction Progress Monitoring. (9,070,216 2015), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2012.09.010","article-title":"A framework for proactive construction defect management using BIM, augmented reality and ontology-based data collection template","volume":"33","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/2213-7459-1-3","article-title":"High-precision vision-based mobile augmented reality system for context-aware architectural, engineering, construction and facility management (AEC\/FM) applications","volume":"1","author":"Bae","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vis. Eng."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2018.11.034","article-title":"Augmented reality system for facility management using image-based indoor localization","volume":"99","author":"Baek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2017.10.032","article-title":"Integrating mobile Building Information Modelling and Augmented Reality systems: An experimental study","volume":"85","author":"Chu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2017.10.028","article-title":"Using mixed reality for electrical construction design communication","volume":"86","author":"Chalhoub","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, A., Owen, C., Biocca, F., and Mou, W. (2003, January 5\u201310). Comparative Effectiveness of Augmented Reality in Object Assembly. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Lauderdale, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/642611.642626"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2005.06.002","article-title":"Compatibility issues in Augmented Reality systems for AEC: An experimental prototype study","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0887-3801(2006)20:6(437)","article-title":"Potential of augmented reality as an assistant viewer for computer-aided drawing","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Comput. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chu, C.H., Liao, C.J., and Lin, S.C. (2020). Comparing Augmented Reality-Assisted Assembly Functions\u2014A Case Study on Dougong Structure. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10103383"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2012.10.012","article-title":"A conceptual framework for integrating building information modeling with augmented reality","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., and Love, P.E. (2012, January 23\u201325). BIM+ AR: Onsite Information Sharing and Communication Via Advanced Visualization. Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 16th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD), Wuhan, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCWD.2012.6221920"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1084-0680(2003)8:4(226)","article-title":"Applying handheld computers in the construction industry","volume":"8","author":"Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000184","article-title":"Using animated augmented reality to cognitively guide assembly","volume":"27","author":"Hou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Comput. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Hou, L., and Wang, X. (July, January 29). Experimental framework for evaluating cognitive workload of using AR system for general assembly task. Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, Seoul, Korea."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2010.11.004","article-title":"Augmented reality-based computational fieldwork support for equipment operations and maintenance","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.14400\/JDC.2014.12.4.245","article-title":"Development of guide and facility management app by using augmented reality and QR code","volume":"12","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Digit. Converg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Y.C., Su, Y.C., and Chen, Y.P. (2014). Developing mobile BIM\/2D barcode-based automated facility management system. Sci. World J.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/374735"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2012.09.011","article-title":"An invisible head marker tracking system for indoor mobile augmented reality","volume":"33","author":"Kuo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herbers, P., and K\u00f6nig, M. (2019). Indoor localization for augmented reality devices using BIM, point clouds, and template matching. Appl. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/app9204260"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"495","article-title":"RFID and BIM-enabled worker location tracking to support real-time building protocol control and data visualization","volume":"20","author":"Costin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Electron. J. Inf. Technol. Constr."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Jin, G.Y., Lu, X.Y., and Park, M.S. (2006, January 5\u20137). An Indoor Localization Mechanism Using Active RFID Tag. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing (SUTC\u201906), Taichung, Taiwan."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2013.06.012","article-title":"RFID indoor location identification for construction projects","volume":"39","author":"Montaser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2017.02.001","article-title":"Self-corrective knowledge-based hybrid tracking system using BIM and multimodal sensors","volume":"32","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Inform."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2671454","article-title":"Modern WLAN fingerprinting indoor positioning methods and deployment challenges","volume":"19","author":"Khalajmehrabadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94","article-title":"Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints","volume":"60","author":"Lowe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/11744023_32","article-title":"SURF: Speeded up robust features","volume":"3951","author":"Bay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lect. Notes Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13678-016-0005-0","article-title":"Fast and scalable structure-from-motion based localization for high-precision mobile augmented reality systems","volume":"5","author":"Bae","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mob. User Exp."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leutenegger, S., Chli, M., and Siegwart, R.Y. (2011, January 6\u201313). BRISK: Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints. Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Computer Vision, Barcelona, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126542"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Snavely, N., and Huttenlocher, D.P. (2010, January 5). Location recognition using prioritized feature matching. Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15552-9_57"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-012-0600-1","article-title":"Learning vocabularies over a fine quantization","volume":"103","author":"Mikulik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sattler, T., Leibe, B., and Kobbelt, L. (2011, January 6\u201313). Fast Image-Based Localization Using Direct 2d-to-3d Matching. Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Computer Vision, Barcelona, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126302"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2611662","article-title":"Efficient & effective prioritized matching for large-scale image-based localization","volume":"39","author":"Sattler","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04019031","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000847","article-title":"Real-time image localization and registration with BIM using perspective alignment for indoor monitoring of construction","volume":"33","author":"Asadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Comput. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2017.2705103","article-title":"Orb-slam2: An open-source slam system for monocular, stereo, and rgb-d cameras","volume":"33","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Robot."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sattler, T., Weyand, T., Leibe, B., and Kobbelt, L. (2012, January 3\u20137). Image retrieval for image-based localization revisited. Proceedings of the BMVC, Guildford, UK.","DOI":"10.5244\/C.26.76"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Micusik, B., and Wildenauer, H. (2015, January 7\u201312). Descriptor free visual indoor localization with line segments. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Boston, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298936"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2017.05.003","article-title":"Indoor localization via multi-view images and videos","volume":"161","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image Underst."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2018.05.026","article-title":"Image retrieval using BIM and features from pretrained VGG network for indoor localization","volume":"140","author":"Ha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Simonyan, K., and Zisserman, A. (2014). Very Deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1145\/358669.358692","article-title":"Random sample consensus: A paradigm for model-fitting with applications to image-analysis and automated cartography","volume":"24","author":"Fischler","year":"1981","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Triggs, B., McLauchlan, P.F., Hartley, R.I., and Fitzgibbon, A.W. (1999, January 21\u201322). Bundle Adjustment\u2014A Modern Synthesis. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Vision Algorithms, Corfu, Greece.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44480-7_21"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1080\/16864360.2017.1375675","article-title":"Parametric comparing for local inspection of industrial plants by using as-built model acquired from laser scan data","volume":"15","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput Aided Des. Appl."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2018.03.008","article-title":"Comparison of point cloud data and 3D CAD data for on-site dimensional inspection of industrial plant piping systems","volume":"91","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"129","article-title":"D4AR\u2014A 4-dimensional augmented reality model for automating construction progress monitoring data collection, processing and communication","volume":"14","author":"Savarese","year":"2009","journal-title":"Electron. J. Inf. Technol. Constr."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Hana, X.F., Jin, J.S., Xie, J., Wang, M.J., and Jiang, W. (2018). A comprehensive review of 3d point cloud descriptors. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2007.05.005","article-title":"Keypoint based autonomous registration of terrestrial laser point-clouds","volume":"63","author":"Barnea","year":"2008","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmood, B., and Han, S. (2019, January 17\u201319). 3D registration of indoor point clouds for augmented reality. Proceedings of the ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering 2019, Atlanta, GA, USA.","DOI":"10.1061\/9780784482421.001"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rusu, R.B., Blodow, N., and Beetz, M. (2009, January 12\u201317). Fast Point Feature Histograms (FPFH) for 3D Registration. Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Kobe, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2009.5152473"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04017076","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000720","article-title":"Automated point cloud registration using visual and planar features for construction environments","volume":"32","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Comput. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Kim, C., Lee, J., Cho, M., and Kim, C. (July, January 29). Fully Automated Registration of 3D CAD Model with Point Cloud from Construction Site. Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, Seoul, Korea."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Q., Sohn, H., and Cheng, J.C.P. (2018). Automatic as-built bim creation of precast concrete bridge deck panels using laser scan data. J. Comput. Civ. Eng., 32.","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000754"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aiger, D., Mitra, N.J., and Cohen-Or, D. (2008). 4-Points Congruent Sets for Robust Pairwise Surface Registration, Association for Computing Machinery.","DOI":"10.1145\/1399504.1360684"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2017.06.016","article-title":"Automatic point cloud coarse registration using geometric keypoint descriptors for indoor scenes","volume":"81","author":"Bueno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2014.06.015","article-title":"Keypoint-based 4-points congruent sets\u2013automated marker-less registration of laser scans","volume":"96","author":"Theiler","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2018.01.014","article-title":"4-Plane congruent sets for automatic registration of as-is 3D point clouds with 3D BIM models","volume":"89","author":"Bueno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Biber, P., and Strasser, W. (2003, January 27\u201331). The Normal Distributions Transform: A New Approach to Laser Scan Matching. Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2003) (Cat. No.03CH37453), Las Vegas, NV, USA."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1109\/34.121791","article-title":"A method for registration of 3-D shapes","volume":"14","author":"Besl","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jost, T., and H\u00fcgli, H. (2002, January 16\u201318). Fast ICP Algorithms for Shape Registration. Proceedings of the Joint Pattern Recognition Symposium, Zurich, Switzerland.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45783-6_12"},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Rusinkiewicz, S., and Levoy, M. (June, January 28). Efficient Variants of the ICP Algorithm. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling, Quebec, QC, Canada."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00fcbner, P., Landgraf, S., Weinmann, M., and Wursthorn, S. (2019, January 20\u201322). Evaluation of the Microsoft Hololens for the Mapping of Indoor Building Environments. Proceedings of the Three-Country Conference of the DGPF, the OVG and the SGPF, Vienna, Austria.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20041021"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00fcbner, P., Clintworth, K., Liu, Q., Weinmann, M., and Wursthorn, S. (2020). Evaluation of HoloLens Tracking and Depth Sensing for Indoor Mapping Applications. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20041021"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/MMUL.2018.2873473","article-title":"Technical evaluation of HoloLens for multimedia: A first look","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Multimed."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1145\/235815.235821","article-title":"The Quickhull algorithm for convex hulls","volume":"22","author":"Barber","year":"1996","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1080\/07468342.1986.11972974","article-title":"The surveyor\u2019s area formula","volume":"17","author":"Braden","year":"1986","journal-title":"Coll. Math. J."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2013.04.010","article-title":"Image registration using a point-line duality based line matching method","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent."},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Bondar, S., Salem, B., and Stjepandi\u0107, J. (2018, January 3\u20136). Indoor Object Reconstruction Based on Acquisition by Low-Cost Devices. Proceedings of the Transdisciplinary Engineering Methods for Social Innovation of Industry 4.0, Modena, Italy."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Cignoni, P., Callieri, M., Corsini, M., Dellepiane, M., Ganovelli, F., and Ranzuglia, G. (2008, January 2). MeshLab: An Open-Source Mesh Processing Tool. Proceedings of the 6th Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference, Salerno, Italy."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/14\/2302\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:49:31Z","timestamp":1760176171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/14\/2302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["rs12142302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs12142302","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]]}}}