{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T16:48:50Z","timestamp":1775839730915,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGL2017-83325-C4-4-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2017-83325-C4-4-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017266","name":"Government of Navarra","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0011-1365-2017-000113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0011-1365-2017-000113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017266","name":"Government of Navarra","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0011-1365-2019-000111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0011-1365-2019-000111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003339","name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201840E002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201840E002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Canopy management operations, such as shoot thinning, leaf removal, and shoot trimming, are among the most relevant agricultural practices in viticulture. However, the supervision of these tasks demands a visual inspection of the whole vineyard, which is time-consuming and laborious. The application of photogrammetric techniques to images acquired with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has proved to be an efficient way to measure woody crops canopy. Consequently, the objective of this work was to determine whether the use of UAV photogrammetry allows the detection of canopy management operations. A UAV equipped with an RGB digital camera was used to acquire images with high overlap over different canopy management experiments in four vineyards with the aim of characterizing vine dimensions before and after shoot thinning, leaf removal, and shoot trimming operations. The images were processed to generate photogrammetric point clouds of every vine that were analyzed using a fully automated object-based image analysis algorithm. Two approaches were tested in the analysis of the UAV derived data: (1) to determine whether the comparison of the vine dimensions before and after the treatments allowed the detection of the canopy management operations; and (2) to study the vine dimensions after the operations and assess the possibility of detecting these operations using only the data from the flight after them. The first approach successfully detected the canopy management. Regarding the second approach, significant differences in the vine dimensions after the treatments were detected in all the experiments, and the vines under the shoot trimming treatment could be easily and accurately detected based on a fixed threshold.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12142331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]],"date-time":"2020-07-20T10:59:38Z","timestamp":1595242778000},"page":"2331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Monitoring Vineyard Canopy Management Operations Using UAV-Acquired Photogrammetric Point Clouds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Francisca","family":"L\u00f3pez-Granados","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Imaping, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible-CSIC, Avda. Men\u00e9ndez Pidal, s\/n, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1420-0145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Torres-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Imaping, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible-CSIC, Avda. Men\u00e9ndez Pidal, s\/n, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9062-4911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco M.","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Brenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Imaping, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible-CSIC, Avda. Men\u00e9ndez Pidal, s\/n, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oihane","family":"Oneka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra, Dpto. Agronom\u00eda, Biotecnolog\u00eda y Alimentaci\u00f3n, Edificio Los Olivos, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra, Dpto. Agronom\u00eda, Biotecnolog\u00eda y Alimentaci\u00f3n, Edificio Los Olivos, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maite","family":"Loidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra, Dpto. Agronom\u00eda, Biotecnolog\u00eda y Alimentaci\u00f3n, Edificio Los Olivos, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6699-2204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana I.","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Imaping, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible-CSIC, Avda. Men\u00e9ndez Pidal, s\/n, 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Gr\u00e1fica y Geom\u00e1tica, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Crta. IV, km. 396, E-14071 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6924-6744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. G.","family":"Santesteban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra, Dpto. Agronom\u00eda, Biotecnolog\u00eda y Alimentaci\u00f3n, Edificio Los Olivos, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Leaf area reduction by trimming, a growing technique to restore the anthocyanins: Sugars ratio decoupled by the warming climate","volume":"53","author":"Sancha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vitis. J. 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