{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T05:58:53Z","timestamp":1782194333648,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]],"date-time":"2020-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Climatic extremes have adverse concurrent and lagged effects on terrestrial carbon cycles. Here, a concurrent effect refers to the occurrence of a latent impact during climate extremes, and a lagged effect appears sometime thereafter. Nevertheless, the uncertainties of these extreme drought effects on net carbon uptake and the recovery processes of vegetation in different Tibetan Plateau (TP) ecosystems are poorly understood. In this study, we calculated the Standardised Precipitation\u2013Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) based on meteorological datasets with an improved spatial resolution, and we adopted the Carnegie\u2013Ames\u2013Stanford approach model to develop a net primary production (NPP) dataset based on multiple datasets across the TP during 1982\u20132015. On this basis, we quantised the net reduction in vegetation carbon uptake (NRVCU) on the TP, investigated the spatiotemporal variability of the NPP, NRVCU and SPEI, and analysed the NRVCUs that are caused by the concurrent and lagged effects of extreme drought and the recovery times in different ecosystems. According to our results, the Qaidam Basin and most forest regions possessed a significant trend towards drought during 1982\u20132015 (with Slope of SPEI &lt; 0, P &lt; 0.05), and the highest frequency of extreme drought events was principally distributed in the Qaidam Basin, with three to six events. The annual total net reduction in vegetation carbon uptake on the TP experienced a significant downward trend from 1982 to 2015 (\u22120.0018 \u00b1 0.0002 PgC year\u22121, P &lt; 0.001), which was negatively correlated with annual total precipitation and annual mean temperature (P &lt; 0.05). In spatial scale, the NRVCU decrement was widely spread (approximately 55% of grids) with 17.86% of the area displaying significant declining trends (P &lt; 0.05), and the sharpest declining trend (Slope \u2264 \u22122) was mainly concentrated in southeastern TP. For the alpine steppe and alpine meadow ecosystems, the concurrent and lagged effects of extreme drought induced a significant difference in NRVCU (P &lt; 0.05), while forests presented the opposite results. The recovery time comparisons from extreme drought suggest that forests require more time (27.62% of grids \u2265 6 years) to recover their net carbon uptakes compared to grasslands. Therefore, our results emphasise that extreme drought events have stronger lagged effects on forests than on grasslands on the TP. The improved resilience of forests in coping with extreme drought should also be considered in future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12152347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T11:26:01Z","timestamp":1595503561000},"page":"2347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Concurrent and Lagged Effects of Extreme Drought Induce Net Reduction in Vegetation Carbon Uptake on Tibetan Plateau"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chongchong","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China"},{"name":"Synthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8765-5015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junnan","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3735-7399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synthesis Research Centre of Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8349-6595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingwu","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7690-0633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Tsunekawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori 6800001, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JG004520","article-title":"Large-scale droughts responsible for dramatic reductions of terrestrial net carbon uptake over North America in 2011 and 2012","volume":"123","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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