{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T18:01:18Z","timestamp":1781373678794,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGL2016-77282-C3-3-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2016-77282-C3-3-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGL2013-49047-C2-1-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2013-49047-C2-1-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007801","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n S\u00e9neca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19895\/GERM\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19895\/GERM\/15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present work aims to assess the usefulness of five vegetation indices (VI) derived from multispectral UAS imagery to capture the effects of deficit irrigation on the canopy structure of sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) in southeastern Spain. Three irrigation treatments were assayed, a control treatment and two regulated deficit irrigation treatments. Four airborne flights were carried out during two consecutive seasons; to compare the results of the remote sensing VI, the conventional and continuous water status indicators commonly used to manage sweet cherry tree irrigation were measured, including midday stem water potential (\u03a8s) and maximum daily shrinkage (MDS). Simple regression between individual VIs and \u03a8s or MDS found stronger relationships in postharvest than in preharvest. Thus, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), resulted in the strongest relationship with \u03a8s (r2 = 0.67) and MDS (r2 = 0.45), followed by the normalized difference red edge (NDRE). The sensitivity analysis identified the optimal soil adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI) as the VI with the highest coefficient of variation in postharvest and the difference vegetation index (DVI) in preharvest. A new index is proposed, the transformed red range vegetation index (TRRVI), which was the only VI able to statistically identify a slight water deficit applied in preharvest. The combination of the VIs studied was used in two machine learning models, decision tree and artificial neural networks, to estimate the extra labor needed for harvesting and the sweet cherry yield.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12152359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T11:26:01Z","timestamp":1595503561000},"page":"2359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Potential of UAS-Based Remote Sensing for Estimating Tree Water Status and Yield in Sweet Cherry Trees"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6649-3176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Blanco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dpto Ingenier\u00eda Agron\u00f3mica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Cartagena (UPCT), Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, E30203 Cartagena, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1492-8347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Jos\u00e9","family":"Blaya-Ros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dpto Ingenier\u00eda Agron\u00f3mica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Cartagena (UPCT), Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, E30203 Cartagena, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Londonderry Maps, Parque Cient\u00edfico de Murcia, Complejo de Espinardo, Ctra. de Madrid, Km 388, E30100 Espinardo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5308-6114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fulgencio","family":"Soto-Vall\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dpto Autom\u00e1tica, Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica y Tecnolog\u00eda Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Cartagena (UPCT), Campus de la Muralla s\/n, E30202 Cartagena, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8205-8518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roque","family":"Torres-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dpto Autom\u00e1tica, Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica y Tecnolog\u00eda Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Cartagena (UPCT), Campus de la Muralla s\/n, E30202 Cartagena, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6432-2322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dpto Ingenier\u00eda Agron\u00f3mica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Cartagena (UPCT), Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, E30203 Cartagena, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6042827","article-title":"Assessing the Robustness of Vegetation Indices to Estimate Wheat N in Mediterranean Environments","volume":"6","author":"Cammarano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2016.11.003","article-title":"Discrimination of irrigation water management effects in pergola trellis system vineyards using a vegetation and soil index","volume":"183","author":"Cancela","year":"2017","journal-title":"Agric. 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