{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T14:17:09Z","timestamp":1774966629345,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013341","name":"National Centre for Earth Observation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PR140015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PR140015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011690","name":"UK Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IPP Forests2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IPP Forests2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The characterization of carbon stocks and dynamics at the national level is critical for countries engaging in climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. However, several tropical countries, including Kenya, lack the essential information typically provided by a complete national forest inventory. Here we present the most detailed and rigorous national-scale assessment of aboveground woody biomass carbon stocks and dynamics for Kenya to date. A non-parametric random forest algorithm was trained to retrieve aboveground woody biomass carbon (AGBC) for the year 2014 \u00b1 1 and forest disturbances for the 2014\u20132017 period using in situ forest inventory plot data and satellite Earth Observation (EO) data. The ecosystem carbon cycling of Kenya\u2019s forests and wooded grassland were assessed using a model-data fusion framework, CARDAMOM, constrained by the woody biomass datasets from this study as well as time series information on leaf area, fire events and soil organic carbon. Our EO-derived AGBC stocks were estimated as 140 Mt C for forests and 199 Mt C for wooded grasslands. The total AGBC loss during the study period was estimated as 1.89 Mt C with a dispersion below 1%. The CARDAMOM analysis estimated woody productivity to be three times larger in forests (mean = 1.9 t C ha\u22121 yr\u22121) than wooded grasslands (0.6 t C ha\u22121 yr\u22121), and the mean residence time of woody C in forests (16 years) to be greater than in wooded grasslands (10 years). This study stresses the importance of carbon sequestration by forests in the international climate mitigation efforts under the Paris Agreement, but emphasizes the need to include non-forest ecosystems such as wooded grasslands in international greenhouse gas accounting frameworks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12152380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T09:06:09Z","timestamp":1595581569000},"page":"2380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Carbon Stocks and Fluxes in Kenyan Forests and Wooded Grasslands Derived from Earth Observation and Model-Data Fusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4845-4215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Veiga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Landscape and Climate Research, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"},{"name":"NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2737-9420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joao","family":"Carreiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"},{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Smallman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"},{"name":"Global Change Ecology Lab, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Exbrayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"},{"name":"Global Change Ecology Lab, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK"}]},{"given":"Jamleck","family":"Ndambiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Planning and Information System Department, Kenya Forest Service, Nairobi 00100, Kenya"}]},{"given":"Faith","family":"Mutwiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Planning and Information System Department, Kenya Forest Service, Nairobi 00100, Kenya"}]},{"given":"Divinah","family":"Nyasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Planning and Information System Department, Kenya Forest Service, Nairobi 00100, Kenya"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4452-4829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaun","family":"Quegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"},{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6117-5208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathew","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"},{"name":"Global Change Ecology Lab, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9053-4684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heiko","family":"Balzter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Landscape and Climate Research, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"},{"name":"NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2015). 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