{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T09:06:13Z","timestamp":1776935173959,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Productividad, Spain","award":["MALEGRA TEC2016-75976-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MALEGRA TEC2016-75976-R"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Productividad, Spain","award":["ARTEMISAT-2 (CTM2016-77733-R)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARTEMISAT-2 (CTM2016-77733-R)"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ARTEMISAT-2 (CTM2016-77733-R)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARTEMISAT-2 (CTM2016-77733-R)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Becas Carlos Antonio L\u00f3pez, Paraguay","award":["Contrato de Beca 23\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contrato de Beca 23\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sentinel-2 satellites provide multi-spectral optical remote sensing images with four bands at 10 m of spatial resolution. These images, due to the open data distribution policy, are becoming an important resource for several applications. However, for small scale studies, the spatial detail of these images might not be sufficient. On the other hand, WorldView commercial satellites offer multi-spectral images with a very high spatial resolution, typically less than 2 m, but their use can be impractical for large areas or multi-temporal analysis due to their high cost. To exploit the free availability of Sentinel imagery, it is worth considering deep learning techniques for single-image super-resolution tasks, allowing the spatial enhancement of low-resolution (LR) images by recovering high-frequency details to produce high-resolution (HR) super-resolved images. In this work, we implement and train a model based on the Enhanced Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network (ESRGAN) with pairs of WorldView-Sentinel images to generate a super-resolved multispectral Sentinel-2 output with a scaling factor of 5. Our model, named RS-ESRGAN, removes the upsampling layers of the network to make it feasible to train with co-registered remote sensing images. Results obtained outperform state-of-the-art models using standard metrics like PSNR, SSIM, ERGAS, SAM and CC. Moreover, qualitative visual analysis shows spatial improvements as well as the preservation of the spectral information, allowing the super-resolved Sentinel-2 imagery to be used in studies requiring very high spatial resolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12152424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T07:31:45Z","timestamp":1596007905000},"page":"2424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Super-Resolution of Sentinel-2 Imagery Using Generative Adversarial Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4048-8330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Salgueiro Romero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Signal Theory and Communications Department, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (BarcelonaTech), 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9646-1017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Marcello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oceanography and Global Change, University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6924-9961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Vilaplana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Signal Theory and Communications Department, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (BarcelonaTech), 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020, June 26). 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