{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T05:47:48Z","timestamp":1776059268204,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,8]],"date-time":"2020-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2018YFC1503503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1503503"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41974015, 41504014, and 41474019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41974015, 41504014, and 41474019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We presented an improved method for estimation of regional surface mass variations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)-derived precise intersatellite geopotential differences using a priori constraints. An alternative analytic formula was proposed to incorporate the K-band ranging (KBR) range rate into the improved energy balance equation, and precise geopotential differences were estimated from GRACE Level-1B data based on the remove-compute-restore (RCR) technique, which avoids the long-wavelength gravity signals being absorbed by empirical parameters. To reduce the ill condition for inversion of regional mass variations from geopotential differences, a priori information from hydrological models was used to construct the constraint equations, and the optimal regularization parameters were adaptively determined based on iterative least-squares estimation. To assess our improved method, a case study of regional mass variations\u2019 inversion was carried out over South America on 2\u00b0 \u00d7 2\u00b0 grids at monthly intervals from January 2005 to December 2010. The results show that regional mascon solutions inverted from geopotential differences estimated by the RCR technique using hydrological models as a priori constraints can retain more signal energy and enhance regional mass variation inversion. The spatial distributions and annual amplitudes of geopotential difference-based regional mascon solutions agree well with the official GRACE mascon solutions, although notable differences exist in spatial patterns and trends, especially in small basins. In addition, our improved method can robustly estimate the mascon solutions, which are less affected by the a priori information. The results from the case study have clearly demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12162553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T05:07:23Z","timestamp":1597036043000},"page":"2553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Improved Estimation of Regional Surface Mass Variations from GRACE Intersatellite Geopotential Differences Using a Priori Constraints"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0875-4937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Institute of Geophysics, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Space Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78759, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhicai","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Institute of Geophysics, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0169-9015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Institute of Geophysics, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-019-0456-2","article-title":"Contributions of GRACE to Understanding Climate Change","volume":"9","author":"Tapley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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