{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T18:09:43Z","timestamp":1774030183286,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFC1400900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC1400900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFC0200700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0200700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["41775023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41775023"]}]},{"name":"Excellent Young Scientist Program of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LR19D050001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR19D050001"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation Innovation Program","award":["MOI2018ZD01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOI2018ZD01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As one of the most influential greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) has a profound impact on the global climate. The spaceborne integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar will be a great sensor to obtain the columnar concentration of CO2 with high precision. This paper analyzes the performance of a spaceborne IPDA lidar, which is part of the Aerosol and Carbon Detection Lidar (ACDL) developed in China. The line-by-bine radiative transfer model was used to calculate the absorption spectra of CO2 and H2O. The laser transmission process was simulated and analyzed. The sources of random and systematic errors of IPDA lidar were quantitatively analyzed. The total systematic errors are 0.589 ppm. Monthly mean global distribution of relative random errors (RREs) was mapped based on the dataset in September 2016. Afterwards, the seasonal variations of the global distribution of RREs were studied. The global distribution of pseudo satellite measurements for a 16-day orbit repeat cycle showed relatively uniform distribution over the land of the northern hemisphere. The results demonstrated that 61.24% of the global RREs were smaller than 0.25%, or about 1 ppm, while 2.76% of the results were larger than 0.75%. The statistics reveal the future performance of the spaceborne IPDA lidar.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12162570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T09:04:16Z","timestamp":1597050256000},"page":"2570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Performance Evaluation of Spaceborne Integrated Path Differential Absorption Lidar for Carbon Dioxide Detection at 1572 nm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shuaibo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Ju","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3082-0769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sijie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Zhuofan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Chonghui","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Jiqiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800, China"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Weibiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201800, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Stocker, T.F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S.K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P.M. 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