{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T17:54:41Z","timestamp":1764784481357,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["61621005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61621005"]}]},{"name":"the National Science Found for Distinguished Young Scholars","award":["61825105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61825105"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper studies inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) image matching and three-dimensional (3D) scattering imaging based on extracted dominant scatterers. In the condition of a long baseline between two radars, it is easy for obvious rotation, scale, distortion, and shift to occur between two-dimensional (2D) radar images. These problems lead to the difficulty of radar-image matching, which cannot be resolved by motion compensation and cross-correlation. What is more, due to the anisotropy, existing image-matching algorithms, such as scale invariant feature transform (SIFT), do not adapt to ISAR images very well. In addition, the angle between the target rotation axis and the radar line of sight (LOS) cannot be neglected. If so, the calibration result will be smaller than the real projection size. Furthermore, this angle cannot be estimated by monostatic radar. Therefore, instead of matching image by image, this paper proposes a novel ISAR imaging matching and 3D imaging based on extracted scatterers to deal with these issues. First, taking advantage of ISAR image sparsity, radar images are converted into scattering point sets. Then, a coarse scatterer matching based on the random sampling consistency algorithm (RANSAC) is performed. The scatterer height and accurate affine transformation parameters are estimated iteratively. Based on matched scatterers, information such as the angle and 3D image can be obtained. Finally, experiments based on the electromagnetic simulation software CADFEKO have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12172699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T09:35:31Z","timestamp":1597916131000},"page":"2699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["ISAR Image Matching and Three-Dimensional Scattering Imaging Based on Extracted Dominant Scatterers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Information Sensing and Understand, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Bie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guang-Cai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Information Sensing and Understand, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengdao","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Information Sensing and Understand, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5403-5482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vito","family":"Pascazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Centro Direzionale di Napoli, Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.1980.308873","article-title":"Target-motion-induced radar imaging","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"1980","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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