{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T13:20:00Z","timestamp":1762608000848,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["742909"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["742909"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Surface skin temperature (Tskin) derived from infrared remote sensors mounted on board satellites provides a continuous observation of Earth\u2019s surface and allows the monitoring of global temperature change relevant to climate trends. In this study, we present a fast retrieval method for retrieving Tskin based on an artificial neural network (ANN) from a set of spectral channels selected from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) using the information theory\/entropy reduction technique. Our IASI Tskin product (i.e., TANN) is evaluated against Tskin from EUMETSAT Level 2 product, ECMWF Reanalysis (ERA5), SEVIRI observations, and ground in situ measurements. Good correlations between IASI TANN and the Tskin from other datasets are shown by their statistic data, such as a mean bias and standard deviation (i.e., [bias, STDE]) of [0.55, 1.86 \u00b0C], [0.19, 2.10 \u00b0C], [\u22121.5, 3.56 \u00b0C], from EUMETSAT IASI L-2 product, ERA5, and SEVIRI. When compared to ground station data, we found that all datasets did not achieve the needed accuracy at several months of the year, and better results were achieved at nighttime. Therefore, comparison with ground-based measurements should be done with care to achieve the \u00b12 \u00b0C accuracy needed, by choosing, for example, a validation site near the station location. On average, this accuracy is achieved, in particular at night, leading to the ability to construct a robust Tskin dataset suitable for Tskin long-term spatio-temporal variability and trend analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12172777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]],"date-time":"2020-08-27T08:05:18Z","timestamp":1598515518000},"page":"2777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Artificial Neural Networks to Retrieve Land and Sea Skin Temperature from IASI"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8947-7950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Safieddine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LATMOS\/IPSL, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, UVSQ, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Ana Claudia","family":"Parracho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LATMOS\/IPSL, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, UVSQ, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LATMOS\/IPSL, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, UVSQ, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0394-7200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"Aires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, 75014 Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9426-866X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Pellet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, 75014 Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Lieven","family":"Clarisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8805-2141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Whitburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3182-6572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Lezeaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spascia, 31520 Ramonville St Agne, France"}]},{"given":"Jean-No\u00ebl","family":"Th\u00e9paut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECMWF, Shinfield Park, Reading, Berkshire RG2 9AX, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3214-5266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Hersbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECMWF, Shinfield Park, Reading, Berkshire RG2 9AX, UK"}]},{"given":"Gabor","family":"Radnoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECMWF, Shinfield Park, Reading, Berkshire RG2 9AX, UK"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Goettsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5836-5430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0116-2496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Doutriaux-Boucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0214-6786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doroth\u00e9e","family":"Coppens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"August","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany"}]},{"given":"Daniel K.","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1663-7009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cathy","family":"Clerbaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LATMOS\/IPSL, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, UVSQ, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France"},{"name":"Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2002.808307","article-title":"AIRS near-real-time products and algorithms in support of operational numerical weather prediction","volume":"41","author":"Goldberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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