{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T21:29:12Z","timestamp":1773955752142,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]],"date-time":"2020-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\/50848-9 and 2014\/50848-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/50848-9 and 2014\/50848-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["465501\/2014-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["465501\/2014-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FAPS No 16\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPS No 16\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007133","name":"Ag\u00eancia Nacional de Energia El\u00e9trica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R&D projects PD-00553-0034 \/ 2016 and PD-00553-0042 \/ 2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R&D projects PD-00553-0034 \/ 2016 and PD-00553-0042 \/ 2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several studies show the effects of lake breezes on cloudiness over natural lakes and large rivers, but only few contain information regarding large flooded areas of hydroelectric dams. Most Brazilian hydropower plants have large water reservoirs that may induce significant changes in the local environment. In this work, we describe the prevailing breeze mechanism in a Brazilian tropical hydropower reservoir to assess its impacts on local cloudiness and incoming surface solar irradiation. GOES-16 visible imagery, ISCCP database products, and ground measurement sites operated by INMET and LABREN\/INPE provided data for the statistical analysis. We evaluate the cloudiness frequency assuming two distinct perspectives: spatial distribution by comparing cloudiness over the water surface and areas nearby its shores, and time analysis by comparing cloudiness prior and after reservoir completion. We also evaluated the solar irradiance enhancement over the water surface compared to the border and land areas surrounding the hydropower reservoir. The results pointed out daily average cloudiness increases moving away from the reservoir in any of the four cardinal directions. When looking at the afternoon-only cloudiness (14 h to 16 h local time), 4% fewer clouds were observed over the flooded area during summer (DJF). This difference reaches 8% during autumn (MAM) and spring (SON). Consequently, the irradiance enhancement at the water surface compared to external areas was around 1.75% for daily average and 4.59% for the afternoon-only average. Our results suggest that floating solar PV power plants in hydropower reservoirs can be an excellent option to integrate both renewable energy resources into a hybrid power generation due to the high solar irradiance in Brazilian territory combined with the prevailing breeze mechanism in large tropical water reservoirs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12172793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T09:17:08Z","timestamp":1598606228000},"page":"2793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Enhancement of Cloudless Skies Frequency over a Large Tropical Reservoir in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9430-1685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 R.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Space Research, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos SP 12227-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arcilan T.","family":"Assireu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Itajuba, Av. BPS, 1303, Pinheirinho, Itajub\u00e1 MG 37500-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7618-4462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando R.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Rua Carvalho de Mendon\u00e7a, 144, Santos SP 11070-102, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9414-3146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madeleine S. G.","family":"Casagrande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Rua Carvalho de Mendon\u00e7a, 144, Santos SP 11070-102, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9590-3709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique V.","family":"Mattos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Itajuba, Av. BPS, 1303, Pinheirinho, Itajub\u00e1 MG 37500-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9544-4610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo S.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Space Research, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos SP 12227-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3798-5953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robson B.","family":"Passos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Itajuba, Av. BPS, 1303, Pinheirinho, Itajub\u00e1 MG 37500-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia V.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Space Research, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos SP 12227-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo P.","family":"Pes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Space Research, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos SP 12227-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco J. L.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Space Research, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos SP 12227-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enio B.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Space Research, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos SP 12227-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1962)001<0474:ALBI>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A Lake Breeze Index","volume":"1","author":"Biggs","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Appl. 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