{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T04:27:29Z","timestamp":1772684849075,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFC1400900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC1400900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41775023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41775023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LR19D050001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR19D050001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019FZJD011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019FZJD011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spaceborne lidar (light detection and ranging) is a very promising tool for the optical properties of global atmosphere and ocean detection. Although some studies have shown spaceborne lidar\u2019s potential in ocean application, there is no spaceborne lidar specifically designed for ocean studies at present. In order to investigate the detection mechanism of the spaceborne lidar and analyze its detection performance, a spaceborne oceanic lidar simulator is established based on the semianalytic Monte Carlo (MC) method. The basic principle, the main framework, and the preliminary results of the simulator are presented. The whole process of the laser emitting, transmitting, and receiving is executed by the simulator with specific atmosphere\u2013ocean optical properties and lidar system parameters. It is the first spaceborne oceanic lidar simulator for both atmosphere and ocean. The abilities of this simulator to characterize the effect of multiple scattering on the lidar signals of different aerosols, clouds, and seawaters with different scattering phase functions are presented. Some of the results of this simulator are verified by the lidar equation. It is confirmed that the simulator is beneficial to study the principle of spaceborne oceanic lidar and it can help develop a high-precision retrieval algorithm for the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of seawater.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12172820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T08:11:19Z","timestamp":1598861479000},"page":"2820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A Semianalytic Monte Carlo Simulator for Spaceborne Oceanic Lidar: Framework and Preliminary Results"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Qun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6988-6506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9dric","family":"Jamet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Littoral Cote d\u2019Opale, University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d\u2019Oc\u00e9anologie et de G\u00e9osciences, 62930 Wimereux, France"}]},{"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0066-1808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihua","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0635-9220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2463-832X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"},{"name":"International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2017.00408","article-title":"Estimation of the Potential Detection of Diatom Assemblages Based on Ocean Color Radiance Anomalies in the North Sea","volume":"4","author":"Revelamarche","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. 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