{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:04:51Z","timestamp":1773965091295,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POIR.04.01.01-00-0017\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIR.04.01.01-00-0017\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The problem of the reproduction of the railway geometric layout in the global spatial system is currently solved in the form of measurements that use geodetic railway networks and also, in recent years, efficient methods of mobile positioning (mainly satellite and inert). The team of authors from the Gda\u0144sk University of Technology and the Maritime University in Gdynia as part of the research project InnoSatTrack is looking for effective and efficient methods for the inventory of railway lines. The research is part of a wider investigation BRIK (Research and Development in Railway Infrastructure, in polish: Badania i Rozw\u00f3j w Infrastrukturze Kolejowej). This paper presents a comparative analysis of the problem of the reproduction of the trajectory of the measuring system using tacheometry, satellite measurements made using a measurement trolley, and mobile satellite measurements. Algorithms enabling the assessment of the compliance of satellite measurements with classic tacheometric measurements were presented. To this end, the authors held measurement sessions using modern geodetic instruments and satellite navigation on a section of the railway line. The results of the measurements indicate the convergence of the level of accuracy achieved by different measuring techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12182874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T11:24:24Z","timestamp":1599218664000},"page":"2874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Verification of GNSS Measurements of the Railway Track Using Standard Techniques for Determining Coordinates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Cezary","family":"Specht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geodesy and Oceanography, Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Wilk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrified Transportation, Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, 80-233, Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wladyslaw","family":"Koc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrified Transportation, Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, 80-233, Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Karwowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrified Transportation, Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, 80-233, Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"D\u0105browski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geodesy and Oceanography, Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Specht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transport and Logistics, Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Grulkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rail Transportation and Bridges, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, 80-233, Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Chrostowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rail Transportation and Bridges, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, 80-233, Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Szmagli\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rail Transportation and Bridges, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, 80-233, Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3595-347X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Czaplewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geodesy and Oceanography, Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Skibicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrified Transportation, Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, 80-233, Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Slawomir","family":"Judek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrified Transportation, Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, 80-233, Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roksana","family":"Licow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rail Transportation and Bridges, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gda\u0144sk University of Technology, 80-233, Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Esveld, C. 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