{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T12:28:41Z","timestamp":1764332921338,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA19030101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA19030101"]}]},{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2018YFC0213600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC0213600"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41590853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41590853"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In producing orthophoto mosaic in a large area from spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, SAR image matching from adjacent orbits is a technical difficulty due to the speckle noise and different imaging mechanism between azimuth and range direction. In this paper, an area-based method, SAR-Moravec, is proposed for SAR orthophoto matching from adjacent orbits in a large area. Compared with the classical area-based Moravec, the template of SAR-Moravec is characterized by more directions for speckle noise restraint and a main direction consistent with the azimuth. In order to get evenly distributed matching points with high accuracy, the grid control mechanism and Gaussian pyramid from coarse to fine are introduced in matching. The whole process contains three steps. First, the pyramid images are constructed by the down-sampling process. Second, under grid control, the feature points are evenly extracted by the modified template. Third, the transformation model is iteratively calculated from the first to the last layer of the pyramid. After the matching process layer-by-layer, the final matching points and transformation model can be obtained. In the experiments, we compare the SAR-Moravec with three widely used methods, including the Moravec, the SAR-scale invariant feature transform (SAR-SIFT), and the SAR-features from an accelerated segment test (SAR-FAST). The results indicate that the proposed method has the best global matching accuracy among these methods and the matching efficiency is better than SAR-SIFT and SAR-FAST methods in large area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12182892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,6]],"date-time":"2020-09-06T23:12:49Z","timestamp":1599433969000},"page":"2892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["An Image Matching Method for SAR Orthophotos from Adjacent Orbits in Large Area Based on SAR-Moravec"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chunming","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huadong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"School of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4264-136X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yixing","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luscombe, A. 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