{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T19:51:55Z","timestamp":1776369115849,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Programme of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41801031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41801031"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Programme of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41761144075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41761144075"]}]},{"name":"a grant of the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedtion and Research Program","award":["2019QZKK0208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0208"]}]},{"name":"a project of the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science","award":["SKLCS-OP-2019-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLCS-OP-2019-07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies have shown that glacier changes were heterogeneous in the western Karakoram, with the coexistence of retreating, advancing, and surging glaciers. However, it remains unclear that the mechanisms driving these changes. Based on the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM and TerraSAR-X\/TanDEM-X images (2014), this study presents glacier surface height changes in the Hunza Basin of the western Karakoram, employing the method of differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (DInSAR). A slight negative glacier mass balance was observed in the Hunza Basin during 2000\u20132014. Surge-type glaciers would not have an obvious effect on overall mass balance in regional assessments over long-time scales. Further, glacier surface velocities in the Hunza Basin were estimated from Landsat images for the period of 1990\u20132018 by utilizing published data sets and Landsat images. Compared to the annual glacier surface velocities, 22 surge events were observed in seven surge-type glaciers in the Hunza Basin. Glacier flow can be attributed to thermally and hydrologically control, and the geomorphological characteristics of different individuals. This study gives us a new insight into the situation of the \u201cKarakoram anomaly\u201d under the background of glacier mass loss in the high mountains of Asia (HMA).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12182922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T09:01:09Z","timestamp":1599642069000},"page":"2922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Surging Dynamics of Glaciers in the Hunza Valley under an Equilibrium Mass State since 1990"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kunpeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9625-7497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiyin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongli","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuming","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongpeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6679-1197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnan Ahmad","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2983-1628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saifullah","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"},{"name":"Department of Agricultural Engineering, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture Multan, Multan 66000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1822-y","article-title":"Importance and vulnerability of the world\u2019s water towers","volume":"577","author":"Immerzeel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1580","article-title":"Different glacier status with atmospheric circulations in Tibetan Plateau and surroundings","volume":"2","author":"Yao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. 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