{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T04:16:25Z","timestamp":1784952985412,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41771449"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41771449"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41974019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41974019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41704011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41704011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"DAAD Thematic Network Project","award":["57421148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["57421148"]}]},{"name":"International Exchange Program for Graduate Students, Tongji University","award":["201901089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201901089"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The spatiotemporal changes of lake water resources objectively reflect not only the process of the water resources balance, but also the ecological environment changes in the lake area. In recent decades, climate changes and human activities have caused great impacts on the spatial distribution of the earth\u2019s water resources and the spatiotemporal process of the surface water cycle, which has caused a series of ecological crises and environmental problems, such as the drying-up of inland lakes, the disappearance of the oasis, water shortage or flooding and water pollution. Therefore, monitoring and fully understanding the dynamic changes of lakes is of great scientific significance for grasping regional water balance, water resources management, and sustainable development of the ecological environment. In this study, we focus on using multi-source satellite data on the estimation of water volume and multi-timescale variations analysis for large scale lakes. This study combines the problems in the practical application of \u201cAfrican Water Action\u201d, taking the largest lake in Africa, Lake Victoria, as the study area, and utilizes long-term serial multi-source satellite data of the past 15 years (2003\u20132017), including Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Jason-1\/-2\/-3 and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to perform the comprehensive analysis on the water volume change estimation. Firstly, the satellite altimetry data of Jason-1\/-2\/-3 and MODIS imagery was used to calculate series of water level, and to extract series of water surface area, respectively. On this basis, a more accurate regression model between the area and water level variation (\u0394H) was constructed. Then, the model between water volume variation (\u0394V) and \u0394H, derived from area-\u0394H model, was applied to calculate the relative water volume of Lake Victoria. Meanwhile, terrestrial water storage (TWS) changes between 2003 and 2016, derived from GRACE data, were also used for a comparative verification of the \u0394V results. The results show the long-term series change trends of \u0394V and the TWS are the same. Finally, the multi-timescale analysis of water volume changes was carried out on different time scales, such as the inter-annual, inter-monthly, and variation period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12183052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T10:22:23Z","timestamp":1600424543000},"page":"3052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Water Volume Variations Estimation and Analysis Using Multisource Satellite Data: A Case Study of Lake Victoria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Remote Sensing &amp; Spatial Information Technology, Shanghai 200092, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Remote Sensing &amp; Spatial Information Technology, Shanghai 200092, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tinghui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Remote Sensing &amp; Spatial Information Technology, Shanghai 200092, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nengfang","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianqing","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geodesy, University of Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1796-0131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nico","family":"Sneeuw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geodesy, University of Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crte.2006.08.002","article-title":"Lake Studies from Satellite Radar Altimetry","volume":"338","author":"Birkett","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Geosci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi1020108","article-title":"Visualization of lake mead surface area changes from 1972 to 2009","volume":"1","author":"Forsythe","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. J. Geo Inf."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.11.038","article-title":"Regional differences of lake evolution across China during 1960s\u20132015 and its natural and anthropogenic causes","volume":"221","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.01.014","article-title":"Assessment of inundation changes of Poyang Lake using MODIS observations between 2000 and 2010","volume":"121","author":"Feng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s10498-008-9051-2","article-title":"Investigations on Aral Sea regressions from mirabilite deposits and remote sensing","volume":"15","author":"Letolle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aquat. Geochem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1119929","article-title":"Changes in surface water supply across Africa with predicted climate change","volume":"311","author":"Stankiewicz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2009.54.6_part_2.2283","article-title":"Lakes as sentinels of climate change","volume":"54","author":"Adrian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"63","article-title":"A completely remote sensing approach to monitoring reservoirs water volume","volume":"1","author":"Abileah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Water Technol. J."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1979","article-title":"The global remote sensing of lakes, wetlands and rivers for hydrological and climate research","volume":"3","author":"Birkett","year":"1995","journal-title":"Quant. Remote Sens. Sci. Appl."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1080\/01490419.2010.488983","article-title":"Investigating the Performance of the JASON-2\/OSTM Radar Altimeter over Lakes and Reservoirs","volume":"33","author":"Birkett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Geod."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2006.03184.x","article-title":"Water volume change in the lower Mekong from satellite altimetry and imagery data","volume":"167","author":"Frappart","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.3390\/rs3040708","article-title":"The relevance of GLAS\/ICESat elevation data for the monitoring of river networks","volume":"3","author":"Baghdadi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-013-0484-z","article-title":"Radar altimetry aids managing gauge networks","volume":"28","author":"Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Resour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2014.11.063","article-title":"Monitoring of lake level changes on the Tibetan Plateau and Tian Shan by retracking Cryosat SARIn waveforms","volume":"521","author":"Kleinherenbrink","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2007.05.011","article-title":"Hydrographic survey methods for determining reservoir volume","volume":"23","author":"Furnans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Modeling Softw."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2004.06.027","article-title":"A simple, rapid method for mapping bathymetry of small wetland basins","volume":"301","author":"Wilcox","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2008.03.005","article-title":"Cubic spline interpolation to develop contours of large reservoirs and evaluate area and volume","volume":"40","author":"Foteinopoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Softw."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.1822","article-title":"Remote sensing of volumetric storage changes in lakes","volume":"34","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Earth Surf. Process. Landf."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2005.08.016","article-title":"Floodplain water storage in the Negro River basin estimated from microwave remote sensing of inundation area and water levels","volume":"99","author":"Frappart","year":"2005","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W09504","DOI":"10.1029\/2012WR012063","article-title":"Global monitoring of large reservoir storage from satellite remote sensing","volume":"48","author":"Gao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.03.010","article-title":"Estimating water volume variations in lakes and reservoirs from four operational satellite altimetry databases and satellite imagery data","volume":"134","author":"Duan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6010407","article-title":"Remote sensing derived bathymetry of Lake Poopo","volume":"6","author":"Arsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2016.10.012","article-title":"Estimating water volume variations in Lake Victoria over the past 22 years using multi-mission altimetry and remotely sensed images","volume":"187","author":"Tong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tseng, K.H., Chang, C.P., Shum, C.K., Kuo, C.Y., Liu, K.T., Shang, K., Jia, Y.Y., and Sun, J. (2016). Quantifying Freshwater Mass Balance in the Central Tibetan Plateau by Integrating Satellite Remote Sensing, Altimetry, and Gravimetry. Remote Sens., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8060441"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.09.025","article-title":"Separation of large scale water storage patterns over Iran using GRACE, altimetry and hydrological data","volume":"140","author":"Forootan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.01.001","article-title":"Inter-annual water storage changes in the Aral Sea from multi-mission satellite altimetry, optical remote sensing, and GRACE satellite gravimetry","volume":"123","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2013.2258326","article-title":"Application of multi-sensor satellite data to observe water storage variations","volume":"6","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7379","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6087379","article-title":"Application of the regional water mass variations from GRACE satellite gravimetry to large-scale water management in Africa","volume":"6","author":"Ramillien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crte.2009.12.004","article-title":"Global land water storage change from GRACE over 2002\u20132009, inference on sea level","volume":"342","author":"Llovel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Geosci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8160","DOI":"10.1002\/2013WR014350","article-title":"Potential impacts of climate and environmental change on the stored water of Lake Victoria Basin and economic implications","volume":"49","author":"Awange","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.10.006","article-title":"A spaceborne multisensor approach to monitor the desiccation of Lake Urmia in Iran","volume":"156","author":"Tourian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vanderkelen, I., van Lipzig, N.P.M., and Thiery, W. (2018). Modelling the water balance of Lake Victoria (East Africa) \u2014Part 1: Observational analysis. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., 1\u201328.","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-2018-11"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-008-0093-6","article-title":"Temporal rainfall variability in the Lake Victoria Basin in East Africa during the twentieth century","volume":"98","author":"Kizza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1002\/2016RG000544","article-title":"Climate and climatic variability of rainfall over eastern Africa","volume":"55","author":"Nicholson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Bremner, J., Lopez-Carr, D., Zvoleff, A., and Pricope, N. (2013, January 26\u201331). Using new methods and data to assess and address population, fertility, and environment links in the Lake Victoria Basin, Population and the environment. Proceedings of the 2013 International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP), Busan, Korea."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"(2020, January 01). World Lakes Website. Available online: http:\/\/www.worldlakes.org\/lakedetails.asp?lakeid=8361."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"(2018, April 01). MODIS Imagery, Available online: http:\/\/ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov\/data\/search."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"(2018, March 01). Jason-1, -2, -3 Altimetry Data. Available online: Ftp:\/\/avisoftp.cnes.fr\/AVISO\/pub\/."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"(2018, May 01). GRLM Datasets, Available online: https:\/\/ipad.fas.usda.gov\/cropexplorer\/global_reservoir\/."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"(2018, December 12). GRACE JPL-M Solutions, Available online: https:\/\/grace.jpl.nasa.gov\/data\/get-data\/jpl_global_mascons\/."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"(2019, December 04). Jason-1 Products Handbook. Available online: https:\/\/www.aviso.altimetry.fr\/fileadmin\/documents\/data\/tools\/hdbk_j1_gdr.pdf."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"(2019, December 04). OSTM\/Jason-2 Products Handbook. Available online: https:\/\/www.aviso.altimetry.fr\/fileadmin\/documents\/data\/tools\/hdbk_j2.pdf."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"(2019, December 04). Jason-3 Products Handbook. Available online: https:\/\/www.aviso.altimetry.fr\/fileadmin\/documents\/data\/tools\/hdbk_j3.pdf."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vignudelli, S., Kostianoy, A., Cipollini, P., and Benveniste, J. (2011). From Research to Operations: The USDA Global Reservoir and Lake Monitor. Coastal Altimetry, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12796-0"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116801","DOI":"10.1088\/0034-4885\/77\/11\/116801","article-title":"Grace, time-varying gravity, earth system dynamics and climate change","volume":"77","author":"Wouters","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rep. Prog. Phys. Phys. Soc."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1029\/2007WR006057","article-title":"Estimating profile soil moisture and groundwater variations using GRACE and Oklahoma Mesonet soil moisture data","volume":"44","author":"Swenson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2008.05.001","article-title":"Water level fluctuations derived from ENVISAT Radar Altimeter (RA-2) and in-situ measurements in a subtropical waterbody: Lake Izabal (Guatemala)","volume":"112","author":"Medina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/18\/3052\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:11:20Z","timestamp":1760177480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/18\/3052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["rs12183052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs12183052","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]]}}}