{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T21:31:05Z","timestamp":1778880665081,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The proxy method, using the ratio of total column CH4 to CO2 to reduce the effects of common biases, has been used to retrieve column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CH4 from satellite data. The present study characterizes the remaining scattering effects in the CH4\/CO2 ratio component of the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) retrieval and uses them for bias correction. The variation of bias between the GOSAT and Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) ratio component with GOSAT data-derived variables was investigated. Then, it was revealed that the variability of the bias could be reduced by using four variables for the bias correction\u2014namely, airmass, 2 \u03bcm band radiance normalized with its noise level, the ratio between the partial column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CH4 for the lower atmosphere and that for the upper atmosphere, and the difference in surface albedo between the CH4 and CO2 bands. The ratio of partial column CH4 reduced the dependence of bias on the cloud fraction and the difference between hemispheres. In addition to the reduction of bias (from 0.43% to 0%), the precision (standard deviation of the difference between GOSAT and TCCON) was reduced from 0.61% to 0.55% by the correction. The bias and its temporal variation were reduced for each site: the mean and standard deviation of the mean bias for individual seasons were within 0.2% for most of the sites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12193155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T08:02:58Z","timestamp":1601280178000},"page":"3155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bias Correction of the Ratio of Total Column CH4 to CO2 Retrieved from GOSAT Spectra"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1896-3932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haruki","family":"Oshio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3515-1488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukio","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3380-5230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsuneo","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2906-2577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas M.","family":"Deutscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manvendra","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David W. 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Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8010-1597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Suk","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate Research Division, National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Seogwipo, Jeju-do 63568, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2109-9874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Ohyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christof","family":"Petri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, 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