{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:17:41Z","timestamp":1760239061674,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]],"date-time":"2020-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFC1402704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC1402704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Northwest Passage (NWP) in the Arctic is usually covered with hazardous multi-year ice (MYI) and seasonal first-year ice (FYI) in winter, with possible thin ice and open-water areas during transition seasons. Ice classification is important for both marine navigation and climate change studies. Satellite-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems have shown advantages of retrieving this information. Operational ice mapping relies on visual analysis of SAR images along with ancillary data. However, these maps estimate ice types and concentrations within large-size polygons of a few tens or hundreds of kilometers, which are subjectively identified and selected by analysts. This study aims at developing an automated algorithm to identify individual MYI floes from SAR images then classify the rest of the image as FYI and other ice types. The algorithm identifies the MYI floes using extended-maximum operator, morphological image processing, and a few geometrical features. Classifying the rest of the image uses texture and neural network model. The input data is a set of Sentinel-1 A\/B Extended Wide (EW) mode images, acquired between September and March 2016\u20132019. Although the overall accuracy (for all type classification) from the new method scored 93.26%, the accuracy from using the texture classifier only was 75.81%. The kappa coefficient from the former was higher than the latter by 0.25. Compared with the operational ice charts from the Canadian Ice Service, ice type maps from the new method show better distribution of MYI at the fine scale of individual floes. Comparison against MYI concentration from two automated algorithms that use a combination of coarse-resolution passive and active microwave data also confirms the advantage of resolving MYI floes from the fine-resolution SAR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12193221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]],"date-time":"2020-10-03T07:22:16Z","timestamp":1601709736000},"page":"3221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["MYI Floes Identification Based on the Texture and Shape Feature from Dual-Polarized Sentinel-1 Imagery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1516-4385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"University Corporation for Polar Research, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Shokr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON M3H5T4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"University Corporation for Polar Research, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6520-3851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufang","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"University Corporation for Polar Research, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhilun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"University Corporation for Polar Research, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengming","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"University Corporation for Polar Research, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China"},{"name":"University Corporation for Polar Research, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L13502","DOI":"10.1029\/2011GL047735","article-title":"Distribution and trends in Arctic sea ice age through spring 2011","volume":"38","author":"Maslanik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geophys. 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