{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T21:07:47Z","timestamp":1772831267682,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2018YFC1503705"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1503705"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41474038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41474038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41774048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41774048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Spark Program of Earthquake Science of China, grant number","award":["xh17045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xh17045"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 106-2116-M-194-016-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 106-2116-M-194-016-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 106-2628-M-008-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 106-2628-M-008-002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sichuan earthquake Agency-Research Team of GNSS based geodetic tectonophysics and mantle-crust dynamics of Chuan-Dian region","award":["201803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201803"]}]},{"name":"the Center for Astronautical Physics and Engineering (CAPE) from the Featured Area Research Center program within the framework of Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Taiwan","award":["none"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["none"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Broadband seismometers, ground-based Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and magnetometers that were located within an epicentral distance of approximately 150 km consistently observed the novel anomalous behaviors of the common-mode ground vibrations approximately 5\u201310 days before the M6.6 Meinong earthquake in Taiwan. The common-mode ground vibrations with amplitudes near 0.1 m at frequencies ranging from 8 \u00d7 10\u22125 to 2 \u00d7 10\u22124 Hz were generated near the region close to the epicenter of the impending earthquake. The common-mode vibrations were consistently observed in seismic and GNSS data associated with five other earthquakes in four distinct areas. The results reveal that the common-mode vibrations could be a typical behavior before earthquakes. The causal mechanism of common-mode vibrations can be attributed to crustal resonance excitations before fault dislocations occur. Potential relationships with other pre-earthquake anomalies suggest that the common-mode vibrations could be ground motion before earthquakes, which was investigated for a significant length of time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12193252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T09:12:58Z","timestamp":1602061978000},"page":"3252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Determination of Epicenters before Earthquakes Utilizing Far Seismic and GNSS Data: Insights from Ground Vibrations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5440-2142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chieh-Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, 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China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Earthquake Networks Center, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongxin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9997-8505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang-Yi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jann-Yenq","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Space Science, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Astronautical Physics and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Horng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Chia","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9014-1303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Che-Min","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, Taipei 106219, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung-Hao","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, Taipei 106219, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pin-Ji","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earthquake Geodesy, Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration, Wuhan 430071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1029\/GL017i009p01465","article-title":"Low-frequency magnetic field measurements near the epicenter of the Ms 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake","volume":"17","author":"Bernardi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Geophys. 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