{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T22:04:00Z","timestamp":1776981840513,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>River bank (RB) erosion is a global issue affecting livelihoods and properties of millions of people. However, it has not received enough attention in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), i.e., the world\u2019s third largest delta, compared to salinity intrusion and flooding. There have been several studies examining RB and coastal erosion in the VMD using remotely sensed satellite data, but the applied methodology was not adequately validated. Therefore, we developed a novel SRBED (Spectral RB Erosion Detection) method, in which the M-AMERL (Modified Automated Method for Extracting Rivers and Lakes) is proposed, and a new RB change detection algorithm using Landsat data. The results show that NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) and MNDWI (Modified Normalized Difference Water Index) using the M-AMERL algorithm (i.e., NDWIM-AMERL, MNDWIM-AMERL) perform better than other indices. Furthermore, the NDWIM-AMERL; SMA (i.e., NDWIM-AMERL using the SMA (Spectral Mixture Analysis) algorithm) is the best RB extraction method in the VMD. The NDWIM-AMERL; SMA performs better than the MNDWI, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), and WNDWI (Weighted Normalized Difference Water Index) indices by 35\u201341%, 70% and 30%, respectively. Moreover, the NDVI index is not recommended for assessing RB changes in the delta. Applying the developed SRBED method and RB change detection algorithm, we estimated a net erosion area of the RB of \u20131.5 km2 from 2008 to 2014 in the Tien River from Tan Chau to My Thuan, with a mean erosion width of \u20132.64 m and maximum erosion widths exceeding 60 m in places. Our advanced method can be applied in other river deltas having similar characteristics, and the results from our study are helpful in future studies in the VMD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12203298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T21:24:39Z","timestamp":1602710679000},"page":"3298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["A Novel Method for River Bank Detection from Landsat Satellite Data: A Case Study in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7687-0550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doan Van","family":"Binh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Resources Center, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Goka-sho, Uji City, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Water Resources Engineering, Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam"}]},{"given":"Basil","family":"Wietlisbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Staubli, Kurath &amp; Partner AG, Bachmattstrasse 53, Z\u00fcrich 8084, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0919-5097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameh","family":"Kantoush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Resources Center, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Goka-sho, Uji City, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan"}]},{"given":"Ho Huu","family":"Loc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Education (NIE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Singapore"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1299-1724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Education (NIE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Singapore"},{"name":"Asian School of the Environment (ASE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 639798, Singapore"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1117-3180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni de","family":"Cesare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Platform of Hydraulic Constructions (PL-LCH), Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1000, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Do Huy","family":"Cuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Xuan","family":"Tung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1423-7477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Sumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Resources Center, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Goka-sho, Uji City, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14745","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14745","article-title":"Linking rapid erosion of the Mekong River Delta to human activities","volume":"5","author":"Anthony","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. 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