{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T03:08:02Z","timestamp":1783134482134,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Soil gradation is an important characteristic for soil mechanics. Traditionally soil gradation is performed by sieve analysis using a sample from the field. In this research, we are interested in the application of hyperspectral remote sensing to characterize soil gradation. The specific objective of this work is to explore the application of hyperspectral remote sensing to be used as an alternative to traditional soil gradation estimation. The advantage of such an approach is that it would provide the soil gradation without having to obtain a field sample. This work will examine five different soil types from the Keweenaw Research Center within a laboratory-controlled environment for testing. Our study demonstrates a correlation between hyperspectral data, the percent gravel and sand composition of the soil. Using this correlation, one can predict the percent gravel and sand within a soil and, in turn, calculate the remaining percent of fine particles. This information can be vital to help identify the soil type, soil strength, permeability\/hydraulic conductivity, and other properties that are correlated to the gradation of the soil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12203312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T21:24:39Z","timestamp":1602710679000},"page":"3312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Utilizing Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Soil Gradation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jordan","family":"Ewing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1024-3474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Oommen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paramsothy","family":"Jayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army CCDC Ground Vehicle Systems Center, Warren, MI 48092, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Alger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute of Snow Research, Keweenaw Research Center, Calumet, MI 49913, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1139\/t02-037","article-title":"Mechanical behavior of silty soils of the Venice lagoon as a function of their grading characteristics","volume":"39","author":"Cola","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can. 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