{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T18:02:43Z","timestamp":1774288963980,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1260\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1260\/15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Soil moisture content (SMC) is a limiting factor to ecosystem productivity in semiarid shrublands. Long-term droughts due to climatic changes may increase the water stress imposed on these lands. Recent observations demonstrate positive relations between geodiversity\u2014expressed by the degree of soil stoniness\u2014and SMC in the upper soil layers. This suggests that areas of high geodiversity can potentially provide a haven for plant survival under water scarcity conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of geodiversity on the dynamics of SMC in semiarid environments, which so far has not been fully investigated. The optical trapezoid model (OPTRAM) applied to six-year time series data (November 2013\u2013July 2018), obtained from LANDSAT 8 and highly correlated with field measurements (R2 = 0.96), shows here that the SMC in hillslopes with high geodiversity is consistently greater than that in hillslopes with low geodiversity. During winter periods (December\u2013March), the difference between the two hillslope types was ~7%, while during summer periods (June\u2013September) it reduced to ~4%. By using the high-resolution spectral-spatiotemporal VEN\u00b5S data, we further studied the geodiversity mechanism during summertime, and at a smaller spatial scale. The VEN\u00b5S-based Crop Water Content Index (CWCI) was compared with the OPTRAM measurements (R2 = 0.71). The Augmented Dickey\u2013Fuller test showed that water loss in the high-geodiversity areas during summers was very small (p-value &gt; 0.1). Furthermore, the biocrust index based on the VEN\u00b5S data showed that biological crust activity in the high-geodiversity hillslopes during summers is high and almost stationary (ADF p-value &gt; 0.1). We suggest that the mechanism responsible for the high SMC in the high-geodiversity areas may be related to lower evaporation rates in the dry season and high runoff rates in the wet season, both of which are the combined result of the greater presence of developed biocrusts and stoniness in the areas of higher geodiversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12203377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T21:42:21Z","timestamp":1602798141000},"page":"3377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Using LANDSAT 8 and VEN\u00b5S Data to Study the Effect of Geodiversity on Soil Moisture Dynamics in a Semiarid Shrubland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Vladislav","family":"Dubinin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2243-8532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tal","family":"Svoray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410500, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410500, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9725-0003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilan","family":"Stavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Yotvata 88820, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hezi","family":"Yizhaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21925","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1003369107","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of dryland forest restoration evaluated by spatial analysis of ecosystem services","volume":"107","author":"Birch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. 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