{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:35:47Z","timestamp":1779888947224,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Key lab for urban Ecological processes and Eco-Restoration","award":["SHUES2020A07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHUES2020A07"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005693","name":"Hainan University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["kyqd1633 and kyqd1840 (ZR)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["kyqd1633 and kyqd1840 (ZR)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urban green spaces provide a host of ecosystem services, the quantity and structure of which play an important role in human well-being. Rapid urbanization may modify urban green spaces, having various effects on plant diversity. Tropical coastal cities have urbanized rapidly in recent decades, but few studies have been conducted with a focus on their green spaces. We studied the responses of cultivated and spontaneous plants, both key components of urban flora, to the landscape structure of urban green spaces and possible social drivers. We analyzed existing relationships between plant diversity indices, urban green space landscape metrics (using Systeme Probatoire d\u2019Observation de la Terre (SPOT) data,), and social factors, including the type, population density, construction age, and GPS coordinates of each Urban Functional Unit, or UFU. We found that UFUs with more green space patches had higher cultivated and spontaneous species richness than those with fewer green space patches. Spontaneous species richness decreased when green space patches became fragmented, and it increased when green space patches were more connected (e.g., via land bridges). Conversely, cultivated species richness increased with green space patch fragmentation. The phylogenetic diversity of both cultivated and spontaneous plants were weakly associated with green space structure, which was strongly driven by land use. Old UFUs and those with larger populations had more green space patches overall, although they tended to be small and fragmented. Green space patch density was found to increase as the UFU age increased. From the viewpoint of knowledge transfer, understanding the effects and drivers of landscape patterns of urban green spaces could inform the development of improved policies and management of urban green space areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12213477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T20:51:00Z","timestamp":1603399860000},"page":"3477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Using SPOT Data and FRAGSTAS to Analyze the Relationship between Plant Diversity and Green Space Landscape Patterns in the Tropical Coastal City of Zhanjiang, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xia-Lan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"},{"name":"Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8709-9212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mir Muhammad","family":"Nizamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4052-8363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.Y.","family":"Jim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Sciences, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1947-1753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly","family":"Balfour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Sainte Marie, ON P6A 2G4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang-Jun","family":"Da","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7955-7490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salman","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Xin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0218-1728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua-Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2012.08.019","article-title":"Classifying and valuing ecosystem services for urban planning","volume":"86","author":"Barton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. 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