{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T22:13:04Z","timestamp":1782425584343,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]],"date-time":"2020-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2017R1D1A1B03028129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017R1D1A1B03028129"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","award":["IITP-2020-2018-0-01424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2020-2018-0-01424"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Drought forecasting is essential for effectively managing drought-related damage and providing relevant drought information to decision-makers so they can make appropriate decisions in response to drought. Although there have been great efforts in drought-forecasting research, drought forecasting on a short-term scale (up to two weeks) is still difficult. In this research, drought-forecasting models on a short-term scale (8 days) were developed considering the temporal patterns of satellite-based drought indices and numerical model outputs through the synergistic use of convolutional long short term memory (ConvLSTM) and random forest (RF) approaches over a part of East Asia. Two widely used drought indices\u2014Scaled Drought Condition Index (SDCI) and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)\u2014were used as target variables. Through the combination of temporal patterns and the upcoming weather conditions (numerical model outputs), the overall performances of drought-forecasting models (ConvLSTM and RF combined) produced competitive results in terms of r (0.90 and 0.93 for validation SDCI and SPI, respectively) and nRMSE (0.11 and 0.08 for validation of SDCI and SPI, respectively). Furthermore, our short-term drought-forecasting model can be effective regardless of drought intensification or alleviation. The proposed drought-forecasting model can be operationally used, providing useful information on upcoming drought conditions with high resolution (0.05\u00b0).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12213499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T03:51:47Z","timestamp":1603684307000},"page":"3499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Short-Term Forecasting of Satellite-Based Drought Indices Using Their Temporal Patterns and Numerical Model Output"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2260-3799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumin","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4506-6877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jungho","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1907-8006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daehyeon","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5111-601X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinyoung","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Climate Analytics Department, APEC Climate Center, Busan 48058, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-12-00124.1","article-title":"A drought monitoring and forecasting system for sub-Sahara African water resources and food security","volume":"95","author":"Sheffield","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bull. 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