{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:23:32Z","timestamp":1780064612611,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":435,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The status, changes, and disturbances in geomorphological regimes can be regarded as controlling and regulating factors for biodiversity. Therefore, monitoring geomorphology at local, regional, and global scales is not only necessary to conserve geodiversity, but also to preserve biodiversity, as well as to improve biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. Numerous remote sensing (RS) approaches and platforms have been used in the past to enable a cost-effective, increasingly freely available, comprehensive, repetitive, standardized, and objective monitoring of geomorphological characteristics and their traits. This contribution provides a state-of-the-art review for the RS-based monitoring of these characteristics and traits, by presenting examples of aeolian, fluvial, and coastal landforms. Different examples for monitoring geomorphology as a crucial discipline of geodiversity using RS are provided, discussing the implementation of RS technologies such as LiDAR, RADAR, as well as multi-spectral and hyperspectral sensor technologies. Furthermore, data products and RS technologies that could be used in the future for monitoring geomorphology are introduced. The use of spectral traits (ST) and spectral trait variation (STV) approaches with RS enable the status, changes, and disturbances of geomorphic diversity to be monitored. We focus on the requirements for future geomorphology monitoring specifically aimed at overcoming some key limitations of ecological modeling, namely: the implementation and linking of in-situ, close-range, air- and spaceborne RS technologies, geomorphic traits, and data science approaches as crucial components for a better understanding of the geomorphic impacts on complex ecosystems. This paper aims to impart multidimensional geomorphic information obtained by RS for improved utilization in biodiversity monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12223690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T14:10:41Z","timestamp":1605017441000},"page":"3690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Linking the Remote Sensing of Geodiversity and Traits Relevant to Biodiversity\u2014Part II: Geomorphology, Terrain and Surfaces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4490-7232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Lausch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research\u2013UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Geography Department, Humboldt University Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9627-9565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael E.","family":"Schaepman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, and University Research Priority Program on Global Change and Biodiversity, University of Zurich\u2013Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7446-8429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew K.","family":"Skidmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, AE 7500 Enschede, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6016-3747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sina C.","family":"Truckenbrodt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Earth Observation, Institute of Geography, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Loebdergraben 32, D-07743 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"DLR Institute of Data Science, M\u00e4lzerstra\u00dfe 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3458-3465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg M.","family":"Hacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"},{"name":"Airborne Research Australia (ARA), Parafield Airport, Adelaide, SA 5106, 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Germany"},{"name":"Geodesy and Geoinformatics, University of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg, Brodaer Strasse 2, D-17033 Neubrandenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Bumberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research\u2013UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2699-2354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research\u2013UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Gl\u00e4\u00dfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing, Martin Luther 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