{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T14:49:11Z","timestamp":1773154151133,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate, timely, and reliable farmland mapping is a prerequisite for agricultural management and environmental assessment in mountainous areas. However, in these areas, high spatial heterogeneity and diversified planting structures together generate various small farmland parcels with irregular shapes that are difficult to accurately delineate. In addition, the absence of optical data caused by the cloudy and rainy climate impedes the use of time-series optical data to distinguish farmland from other land use types. Automatic delineation of farmland parcels in mountain areas is still a very difficult task. This paper proposes an innovative precise farmland parcel extraction approach supported by very high resolution(VHR) optical image and time series synthetic aperture radar(SAR) data. Firstly, Google satellite imagery with a spatial resolution of 0.55 m was used for delineating the boundaries of ground parcel objects in mountainous areas by a hierarchical extraction scheme. This scheme divides farmland into four types based on the morphological features presented in optical imagery, and designs different extraction models to produce each farmland type, respectively. The potential farmland parcel distribution map is then obtained by the layered recombination of these four farmland types. Subsequently, the time profile of each parcel in this map was constructed by five radar variables from the Sentinel-1A dataset, and the time-series classification method was used to distinguish farmland parcels from other types. An experiment was carried out in the north of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, Southwest China. The result shows that, the producer\u2019s accuracy of farmland parcels obtained by the hierarchical scheme is increased by 7.39% to 96.38% compared with that without this scheme, and the time-series classification method produces an accuracy of 80.83% to further obtain the final overall accuracy of 96.05% for the farmland parcel maps, showing a good performance. In addition, through visual inspection, this method has a better suppression effect on background noise in mountainous areas, and the extracted farmland parcels are closer to the actual distribution of the ground farmland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12223733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T08:44:02Z","timestamp":1605257042000},"page":"3733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Farmland Parcel Mapping in Mountain Areas Using Time-Series SAR Data and VHR Optical Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7439-0318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ant Group, Hangzhou 310013, China"}]},{"given":"Jiancheng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Zhifeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}]},{"given":"Jingdong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ant Group, Hangzhou 310013, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4880-6439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China"}]},{"given":"Yingwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural Regionalization, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Zhanfeng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center for Geomatics, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9345-0075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingpin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2019.08.007","article-title":"Automatic canola mapping using time series of sentinel 2 images","volume":"156","author":"Ashourloo","year":"2019","journal-title":"ISPRS J. 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