{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:05:35Z","timestamp":1777500335420,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Blue Ventures Conservation","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"Government of the United Kingdom, International Climate Fund","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mangroves are found globally throughout tropical and sub-tropical inter-tidal coastlines. These highly biodiverse and carbon-dense ecosystems have multi-faceted value, providing critical goods and services to millions living in coastal communities and making significant contributions to global climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration and storage. Despite their many values, mangrove loss continues to be widespread in many regions due primarily to anthropogenic activities. Accessible, intuitive tools that enable coastal managers to map and monitor mangrove cover are needed to stem this loss. Remotely sensed data have a proven record for successfully mapping and monitoring mangroves, but conventional methods are limited by imagery availability, computing resources and accessibility. In addition, the variable tidal levels in mangroves presents a unique mapping challenge, particularly over geographically large extents. Here we present a new tool\u2014the Google Earth Engine Mangrove Mapping Methodology (GEEMMM)\u2014an intuitive, accessible and replicable approach which caters to a wide audience of non-specialist coastal managers and decision makers. The GEEMMM was developed based on a thorough review and incorporation of relevant mangrove remote sensing literature and harnesses the power of cloud computing including a simplified image-based tidal calibration approach. We demonstrate the tool for all of coastal Myanmar (Burma)\u2014a global mangrove loss hotspot\u2014including an assessment of multi-date mapping and dynamics outputs and a comparison of GEEMMM results to existing studies. Results\u2014including both quantitative and qualitative accuracy assessments and comparisons to existing studies\u2014indicate that the GEEMMM provides an accessible approach to map and monitor mangrove ecosystems anywhere within their global distribution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12223758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T21:48:52Z","timestamp":1605563332000},"page":"3758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["The Google Earth Engine Mangrove Mapping Methodology (GEEMMM)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6969-6366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Yancho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Ventures Conservation\u2014Mezzanine, The Old Library, Trinity Road, St Jude\u2019s, Bristol BS2 0NW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Ventures Conservation\u2014Mezzanine, The Old Library, Trinity Road, St Jude\u2019s, Bristol BS2 0NW, UK"},{"name":"Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"},{"name":"Terra Spatialists, The Blue House, 660 West 13th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1N9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4744-9043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samir","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Ventures Conservation\u2014Mezzanine, The Old Library, Trinity Road, St Jude\u2019s, Bristol BS2 0NW, UK"},{"name":"The Jolly Geographer, 7 Yorke Gate, Watford, Hertfordshire WD17 4NQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Ferster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Ventures Conservation\u2014Mezzanine, The Old Library, Trinity Road, St Jude\u2019s, Bristol BS2 0NW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Glass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Ventures Conservation\u2014Mezzanine, The Old Library, Trinity Road, St Jude\u2019s, Bristol BS2 0NW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saenger, P. (2002). Mangrove Ecology, Silviculture and Conservation, Springer Science & Business Media.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-9962-7"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and Forestry Department (Rome) (2001). 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