{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T21:13:42Z","timestamp":1777324422619,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["689443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["689443"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Surface melt, driven by atmospheric temperatures and albedo, is a strong contribution of mass loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet. In the past, black carbon, algae and other light-absorbing impurities were suggested to govern albedo in Greenland\u2019s ablation zone. Here we combine optical (MODIS\/Sentinel-2) and radar (Sentinel-1) remote sensing data with airborne radar and laser scanner data, and engage firn modelling to identify the governing factors leading to dark glacier surfaces in Northeast Greenland. After the drainage of supraglacial lakes, the former lake ground is a clean surface represented by a high reflectance in Sentinel-2 data and aerial photography. These bright spots move with the ice flow and darken by more than 20% over only two years. In contrast, sites further inland do not exhibit this effect. This finding suggests that local deposition of dust, rather than black carbon or cryoconite formation, is the governing factor of albedo of fast-moving outlet glaciers. This is in agreement with a previous field study in the area which finds the mineralogical composition and grain size of the dust comparable with that of the surrounding soils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12223793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T06:23:52Z","timestamp":1605767032000},"page":"3793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Dark Glacier Surface of Greenland\u2019s Largest Floating Tongue Governed by High Local Deposition of Dust"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0244-8760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelika","family":"Humbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, D-27560 Bremerhaven, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6862-0930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludwig","family":"Schr\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, D-27560 Bremerhaven, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1408-8862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timm","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6251-6681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, TU Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4300-5488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niklas","family":"Neckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, D-27560 Bremerhaven, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7788-9328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veit","family":"Helm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, D-27560 Bremerhaven, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6955-0065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"Zindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung, D-27560 Bremerhaven, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2265-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Eleftheriadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science and Technology, Energy and Safety, P.O. Box 60037, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0750-0097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Salzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR-IIA Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, National Research Council of Italy, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0430-0751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosamaria","family":"Salvatori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR-ISP Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, 00010 Montelibretti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-10-1933-2016","article-title":"On the recent contribution of the Greenland ice sheet to sea level change","volume":"10","author":"Enderlin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cryosphere"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9239","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1904242116","article-title":"Forty-six years of Greenland Ice Sheet mass balance from 1972 to 2018","volume":"116","author":"Mouginot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. 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