{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T07:25:51Z","timestamp":1774077951093,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite a number of studies on biomass burning (BB) emissions in the atmosphere, observation of the associated aerosols and pollutants requires continuous efforts. Brazil, and more broadly Latin America, is one of the most important seasonal sources of BB, particularly in the Amazon region. Uncertainty about aerosol loading in the source regions is a limiting factor in terms of understanding the role of aerosols in climate modelling. In the present work, we investigated the Amazon BB episode that occurred during August 2019 and made the international headlines, especially when the smoke plumes plunged distant cities such as S\u00e3o Paulo into darkness. Here, we used satellite and ground-based observations at different locations to investigate the long-range transport of aerosol plumes generated by the Amazon fires during the study period. The monitoring of BB activity was carried out using fire related pixel count from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua and Terra platforms, while the distribution of carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations and total columns were obtained from the infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI) onboard the METOP-A and METOP-B satellites. In addition, AERONET sun-photometers as well as the MODIS instrument made aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements over the study region. Our datasets are consistent with each other and highlight AOD and CO variations and long-range transport of the fire plume from the source regions in the Amazon basin. We used the Lagrangian transport model FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle) to simulate backward dispersion, which showed good agreement with satellite and ground measurements observed over the study area. The increase in Rossby wave activity during the 2019 austral winter the Southern Hemisphere may have contributed to increasing the efficiency of large-scale transport of aerosol plumes generated by the Amazon fires during the study period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12223846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T11:50:34Z","timestamp":1606132234000},"page":"3846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Investigating the Long-Range Transport of Aerosol Plumes Following the Amazon Fires (August 2019): A Multi-Instrumental Approach from Ground-Based and Satellite Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1815-0667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Bencherif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de l\u2019Atmosph\u00e8re et des Cyclones (LACy, UMR 8105 CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de la R\u00e9union, M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France), Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, 97400 La R\u00e9union, France"},{"name":"School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"B\u00e8gue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de l\u2019Atmosph\u00e8re et des Cyclones (LACy, UMR 8105 CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de la R\u00e9union, M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France), Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, 97400 La R\u00e9union, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6939-7091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damaris","family":"Kirsch Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1546-9138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Jean","family":"du Preez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de l\u2019Atmosph\u00e8re et des Cyclones (LACy, UMR 8105 CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de la R\u00e9union, M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France), Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, 97400 La R\u00e9union, France"},{"name":"Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7181-8809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Maurice","family":"Cadet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de l\u2019Atmosph\u00e8re et des Cyclones (LACy, UMR 8105 CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de la R\u00e9union, M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France), Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, 97400 La R\u00e9union, France"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio Juliano","family":"da Silva Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Science Department, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014UNIFESP, Rua S\u00e3o Nicolau, 210, Centro, Diadema, S\u00e3o Paulo 09913-030, Brazil"},{"name":"Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), Center for Lasers and Applications (CLA), S\u00e3o Paulo (SP) 05508-000, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4241-2970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lerato","family":"Shikwambana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Observation Directorate, South African National Space Agency, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9691-5306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Landulfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), Center for Lasers and Applications (CLA), S\u00e3o Paulo (SP) 05508-000, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Vescovini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de l\u2019Atmosph\u00e8re et des Cyclones (LACy, UMR 8105 CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de la R\u00e9union, M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France), Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, 97400 La R\u00e9union, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7125-0029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Casper","family":"Labuschagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African Weather Service, Cape Point GAW, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5220-9274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonatan Jo\u00e3o","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), Center for Lasers and Applications (CLA), S\u00e3o Paulo (SP) 05508-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Center for Exact Sciences and Technologies (CCET), Federal University of Western Bahia (UFOB), Campus Barreiras, Barreiras, Bahia 47810-047, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Vagner","family":"Anabor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Coheur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1050, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9120-2481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nkanyiso","family":"Mbatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa"}]},{"given":"Juliette","family":"Hadji-Lazaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LATMOS\/IPSL, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, UVSQ, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2462-681X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Venkataraman","family":"Sivakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0394-7200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cathy","family":"Clerbaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1050, Belgium"},{"name":"LATMOS\/IPSL, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, UVSQ, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biomass burning in the Amazon region causes DNA damage and cell death in human lung cells","volume":"7","author":"Alves","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. 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