{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T07:34:39Z","timestamp":1768548879544,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ager \u2013 Agroalimentare E Ricerca within the project - IPCC-MOUPA (Interdisciplinary project for assessing current and expected Climate Change impacts on MOUntain Pastures)","award":["2017-1176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-1176"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Climate Monitoring Satellite Application Facility (CM SAF) surface solar irradiance (SSI) products were compared with ground-based observations over the Piedmont region (north-western Italy) for the period 1990\u20132016. These products were SARAH-2.1 (Surface Solar Radiation DataSet\u2014Heliosat version 2.1) and CLARA-A2 (Cloud, Albedo and Surface Radiation dataset version A2). The aim was to contribute to the discussion on the representativeness of satellite SSI data including a focus on high-elevation areas. The comparison between SSI averages shows that for low OCI (orographic complexity index) stations, satellite series have higher values than corresponding ground-based observations, whereas for high OCI stations, SSI values for satellite records are mainly lower than for ground stations. The comparison between SSI anomalies highlights that satellite records have an excellent performance in capturing SSI day-to-day variability of ground-based low OCI stations. In contrast, for high OCI stations, the agreement is much lower, due to the higher uncertainty in both satellite and ground-based records. Finally, if the temporal trends are considered, average low-elevation ground-based SSI observations show a positive trend, whereas satellite records do not highlight significant trends. Focusing on high-elevation stations, the observed trends for ground-based and satellite records are more similar with the only exception of summer. This divergence seems to be due to the relevant role of atmospheric aerosols on SSI trends.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12233882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T22:00:33Z","timestamp":1606428033000},"page":"3882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparison of Surface Solar Irradiance from Ground Observations and Satellite Data (1990\u20132016) over a Complex Orography Region (Piedmont\u2014Northwest Italy)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9652-4228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Manara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elia","family":"Stocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Brunetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3883-9309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guglielmina Adele","family":"Diolaiuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4523-9085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Fugazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Pfeifroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Satellite-Based Climate Monitoring, Deutscher Wetterdienst, 63067 Offenbach, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7190-3272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Senese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9308-3823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Trentmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Satellite-Based Climate Monitoring, Deutscher Wetterdienst, 63067 Offenbach, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4110-9737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Maugeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Iqbal:, M. 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