{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:26:59Z","timestamp":1760239619937,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Science Foundation of China","award":["41631073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41631073"]}]},{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2019YFC1509204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC1509204"]}]},{"name":"the National Nonprofit Fundamental Research Grant of China, Institute of Geology, China, Earthquake Administration","award":["IGCEA2005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IGCEA2005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake sequence ruptured along a complex fault system and triggered seismic and aseismic slips on intersecting faults. To characterize the surface rupture kinematics and fault slip distribution, we used optical images and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) observations to reconstruct the displacement caused by the earthquake sequence. We further calculated curl and divergence from the north-south and east-west components, to effectively identify the surface rupture traces. The results show that the major seismogenic fault had a length of ~55 km and strike of 320\u00b0 and consisted of five secondary faults. On the basis of the determined multiple-fault geometries, we inverted the coseismic slip distributions by InSAR measurements, which indicates that the Mw7.1 mainshock was dominated by the right-lateral strike-slip (maximum strike-slip of ~5.8 m at the depth of ~7.5 km), with a small dip-slip component (peaking at ~1.8 m) on an east-dipping fault. The Mw6.4 foreshock was dominated by the left-lateral strike-slip on a north-dipping fault. These earthquakes triggered obvious aseismic creep along the Garlock fault (117.3\u00b0 W\u2013117.5\u00b0 W). These results are consistent with the rupture process of the earthquake sequence, which featured a complicated cascading rupture rather than a single continuous rupture front propagating along multiple faults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12233883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T02:13:51Z","timestamp":1606443231000},"page":"3883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Surface Rupture Kinematics and Coseismic Slip Distribution during the 2019 Mw7.1 Ridgecrest, California Earthquake Sequence Revealed by SAR and Optical Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chenglong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guohong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinjian","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3237-2509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dezheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0064-5779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanchuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zicheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"School of Resource Environment and Earth Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Automation Department, Patent Office of National Intellectual Property Administration, Beijing 100088, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Patent Information Center, National Intellectual Property Administration, Beijing 100088, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2019, July 04). 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