{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:28:07Z","timestamp":1760239687998,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to examine how robust updraft strength and ice-based microphysical processes aloft in storms may affect convective outflows near the surface, ocean winds were compared between tropical maritime precipitation systems with and without lightning. The analysis focused on Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) specular point tracks, using straightforward spatiotemporal matching criteria to pair CYGNSS-measured wind speeds with satellite-based precipitation observations, Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) wind speeds, and lightning flash data from ground-based and space-based sensors. Based on the results, thunderstorms over the tropical oceans are associated with significantly heavier rain rates (~200% greater) than non-thunderstorms. However, wind speeds near either type of precipitation system do not differ much (~0.5 m s\u22121 or less). Moreover, the sign of the difference depends on the wind instrument used, with CYGNSS suggesting non-thunderstorm winds are slightly stronger, while ASCAT suggests the opposite. These observed wind differences are likely related to lingering uncertainties between CYGNSS and ASCAT measurements in precipitation. However, both CYGNSS and ASCAT observe winds near precipitation (whether lightning-producing or not) to be stronger than background winds by at least 1 m s\u22121.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12233968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T11:59:00Z","timestamp":1607083140000},"page":"3968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparing Winds near Tropical Oceanic Precipitation Systems with and without Lightning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1576-572X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Lang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"739","article-title":"Two-dimensional convection in non-constant shear: A model of mid-latitude squall lines","volume":"108","author":"Thorpe","year":"1982","journal-title":"Q. 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