{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T20:52:23Z","timestamp":1768078343301,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basic Research Funds of Central Public Welfare Research Institutes","award":["2020SYIAEMS1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020SYIAEMS1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFC1506802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1506802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Global climate change has led to significant changes in seasonal rhythm events of vegetation growth, such as spring onset and autumn senescence. Spatiotemporal shifts in these vegetation phenological metrics have been widely reported over the globe. Vegetation growth peak represents plant photosynthesis capacity and responds to climate change. At present, spatiotemporal changes in vegetation growth peak characteristics (timing and maximum growth magnitude) and their underlying governing mechanisms remain unclear at regional scales. In this study, the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation growth peak in northeast China (NEC) was investigated using long-term NDVI time series. Then, the effects of climatic factors and spring phenology on vegetation growth peak were examined. Finally, the contribution of growth peak to vegetation production variability was estimated. The results of the phenological analysis indicate that the date of vegetation green up in spring and growth peak in summer generally present a delayed trend, while the amplitude of growth peak shows an increasing trend. There is an underlying cycle of 11 years in the vegetation growth peak of the entire study area. Air temperature and precipitation before the growing season have a small impact on vegetation growth peak amplitude both in its spatial extent and magnitude (mainly over grasslands) but have a significant influence on the date of the growth peak in the forests of the northern area. Spring green-up onset has a more significant impact on growth peak than air temperature and precipitation. Although green-up date plays a more pronounced role in controlling the amplitude of the growth peak in forests and grasslands, it also affects the date of growth peak in croplands. The amplitude of the growth peak has a significant effect on the inter-annual variability of vegetation production. The discrepant patterns of growth peak response to climate and phenology reflect the distinct adaptability of the vegetation growth peak to climate change, and result in different carbon sink patterns over the study area. The study of growth peak could improve our understanding of vegetation photosynthesis activity over various land covers and its contribution to carbon uptake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12233977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T11:59:00Z","timestamp":1607083140000},"page":"3977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Mapping Spatiotemporal Changes in Vegetation Growth Peak and the Response to Climate and Spring Phenology over Northeast China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Environment, CMA, Shenyang 110166, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2559-0241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuke","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China"}]},{"given":"Rihong","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Environment, CMA, Shenyang 110166, China"}]},{"given":"Chenghu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5395-2924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lili","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"044020","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab04d2","article-title":"Impacts of land cover and land use change on long-term trend of land surface phenology: A case study in agricultural ecosystems","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. 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