{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T06:46:18Z","timestamp":1778654778041,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,6]],"date-time":"2020-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41927804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41927804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Geometrical and optical characteristics of cirrus clouds were studied based on one year of polarization lidar measurements (3969 h on 228 different days between March 2019 and February 2020) at Wuhan (30.5\u00b0N, 114.4\u00b0E), China. The cirrus clouds showed an overall occurrence frequency of ~48% and occurrence mid-cloud altitude of ~8\u201316 km over the 30\u00b0N plain site. The mean values of their mid-cloud height and temperature were 11.5 \u00b1 2.0 km and \u221246.5 \u00b1 10.7 \u2103, respectively. The cirrus geometrical thickness tended to decrease with decreasing mid-cloud temperature, with a mean value of 2.5 \u00b1 1.1 km. With the decrease of mid-cloud temperature, the cirrus optical depth (COD) tended to decrease, but the depolarization ratio tended to increase. On average, the COD, lidar ratio, and particle depolarization ratio were respectively 0.30 \u00b1 0.36, 21.6 \u00b1 7.5 sr, and 0.30 \u00b1 0.09 after multiple scattering correction. Out of a total of the observed cirrus events, sub-visual, thin, and dense cirrus clouds accounted for 18%, 51%, and 31%, respectively. The cirrus clouds showed seasonal variations with cloud altitude maximizing in a slightly-shifted summertime (July to September) where the southwesterly wind prevailed and minimizing in winter months. Seasonally-averaged lidar ratio and depolarization ratio showed maximum values in spring and summer, respectively. Furthermore, a positive correlation between the cirrus occurrence frequency and dust column mass density was found in other seasons except for summer, suggesting a heterogeneous ice formation therein. The cirrus cloud characteristics over the lidar site were compared with those observed at low and mid latitudes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12233998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T21:37:42Z","timestamp":1607377062000},"page":"3998","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Characteristics and Seasonal Variations of Cirrus Clouds from Polarization Lidar Observations at a 30\u00b0N Plain Site"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuchao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunpeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changming","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3270-534X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenping","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, China"},{"name":"State Observatory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(1986)114<1167:IOCCOW>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Influence of Cirrus Clouds on Weather and Climate Processes: A Global Perspective","volume":"114","author":"Liou","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mon. 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