{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T20:28:25Z","timestamp":1779913705054,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000192","name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPPA-2020-STAR-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPPA-2020-STAR-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A COSMIC-1\/FORMOSAT-3 (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate-1 and Formosa Satellite Mission 3) follow-on mission, COSMIC-2\/FORMOSAT-7, had been successfully launched into low-inclination orbits on 25 June 2019. COSMIC-2 has a significantly increased Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR) compared to other Radio Occultation (RO) missions. This study summarized the initial assessment of COSMIC-2 data quality conducted by the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). We use validated data from other RO missions to quantify the stability of COSMIC-2. In addition, we use the Vaisala RS41 radiosonde observations to assess the accuracy and uncertainty of the COSMIC-2 neutral atmospheric profiles. RS41 is currently the most accurate radiosonde observation system. The COSMIC-2 SNR ranges from 200 v\/v to about 2800 v\/v. To see if the high SNR COSMIC-2 signals lead to better retrieval results, we separate the COSMIC-2\u2013RS41 comparisons into different SNR groups (i.e., 0\u2013500 v\/v group, 500\u20131000 v\/v group, 1000\u20131500 v\/v group, 1500\u20132000 v\/v group, and &gt;2000 v\/v group). In general, the COSMIC-2 data quality in terms of stability, precision, accuracy, and uncertainty of the accuracy is very compatible with those from COSMIC-1. Results show that the mean COSMIC-2\u2013RS41 water vapor difference from surface to 5 km altitude for each SNR groups are equal to \u22121.34 g\/kg (0\u2013500 v\/v), \u22121.17 g\/kg (500\u20131000 v\/v), \u22121.33 g\/kg (1000\u20131500 v\/v), \u22120.93 g\/kg (1500\u20132000 v\/v), and \u22121.52 g\/kg (&gt;2000 v\/v). Except for the &gt;2000 v\/v group, the high SNR measurements from COSMIC-2 seem to improve the mean water vapor difference for the higher SNR group slightly (especially for the 1500\u20132000 v\/v group) comparing with those from lower SNR groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12244099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T21:11:02Z","timestamp":1608066662000},"page":"4099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Initial Assessment of the COSMIC-2\/FORMOSAT-7 Neutral Atmosphere Data Quality in NESDIS\/STAR Using In Situ and Satellite Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3010-8544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-Peng","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Satellite Applications &amp; Research (STAR), NESDIS\/NOAA, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinjia","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Science &amp; Technology, Inc., 7855 Walker Drive, Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), Earth System Science, Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), Earth System Science, Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loknath","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), Earth System Science, Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislav","family":"Kireev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Science &amp; Technology, Inc., 7855 Walker Drive, Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8942-5747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxiang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Science &amp; Technology, Inc., 7855 Walker Drive, Suite 200, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James G.","family":"Yoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Weather Service, National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), NOAA, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xia-Serafino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Project, Planning, and Analysis, NOAA, Suite 6200 (6th Floor), 1335 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), Earth System Science, Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1107","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-18-0290.1","article-title":"The COSMIC\/FORMOSAT-3 Radio Occultation Mission after 12 Years: Accomplishments, Remaining Challenges, and Potential Impacts of COSMIC-2","volume":"101","author":"Ho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull. 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