{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T01:19:31Z","timestamp":1785460771628,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-098693-B-C32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-098693-B-C32"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper describes a methodology for processing spectral raw data from Micro Rain Radar (MRR), a K-band vertically pointing Doppler radar designed to observe precipitation profiles. The objective is to provide a set of radar integral parameters and derived variables, including a precipitation type classification. The methodology first includes an improved noise level determination, peak signal detection and Doppler dealiasing, allowing us to consider the upward movements of precipitation particles. A second step computes for each of the height bin radar moments, such as equivalent reflectivity (Ze), average Doppler vertical speed (W), spectral width (\u03c3), the skewness and kurtosis. A third step performs a precipitation type classification for each bin height, considering snow, drizzle, rain, hail, and mixed (rain and snow or graupel). For liquid precipitation types, additional variables are computed, such as liquid water content (LWC), rain rate (RR), or gamma distribution parameters, such as the liquid water content normalized intercept (Nw) or the mean mass-weighted raindrop diameter (Dm) to classify stratiform or convective rainfall regimes. The methodology is applied to data recorded at the Eastern Pyrenees mountains (NE Spain), first with a detailed case study where results are compared with different instruments and, finally, with a 32-day analysis where the hydrometeor classification is compared with co-located Parsivel disdrometer precipitation-type present weather observations. The hydrometeor classification is evaluated with contingency table scores, including Probability of Detection (POD), False Alarm Rate (FAR), and Odds Ratio Skill Score (ORSS). The results indicate a very good capacity of Method3 to distinguish rainfall and snow (PODs equal or greater than 0.97), satisfactory results for mixed and drizzle (PODs of 0.79 and 0.69) and acceptable for a reduced number of hail cases (0.55), with relatively low rate of false alarms and good skill compared to random chance in all cases (FAR &lt; 0.30, ORSS &gt; 0.70). The methodology is available as a Python language program called RaProM at the public github repository.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12244113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T09:21:15Z","timestamp":1608110475000},"page":"4113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Precipitation Type Classification of Micro Rain Radar Data Using an Improved Doppler Spectral Processing Methodology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5560-4392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Garcia-Benadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Applied Physics\u2014Meteorology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"SARTI, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltr\u00fa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3597-7439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan","family":"Bech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Applied Physics\u2014Meteorology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2505-2435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergi","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DT Catalonia, AEMET, 08005 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8024-3293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mireia","family":"Udina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Applied Physics\u2014Meteorology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernat","family":"Codina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Applied Physics\u2014Meteorology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Georgis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Aerology, University of Toulouse\/CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/RG011i001p00001","article-title":"Doppler radar characteristics of precipitation at vertical incidence","volume":"11","author":"Atlas","year":"1973","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1981)020<0547:ANMFDH>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A new method for deducing hydrometeor-size distributions and vertical air motions from Doppler radar measurements at vertical incidence","volume":"20","author":"Hauser","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2019RG000686","DOI":"10.1029\/2019RG000686","article-title":"Spaceborne Cloud and Precipitation Radars: Status, Challenges, and Ways Forward","volume":"58","author":"Battaglia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-88-10-1608","article-title":"Millimeter-wavelength radars: New frontier in atmospheric cloud and precipitation research","volume":"88","author":"Kollias","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(1999)016<0309:AGPFPC>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A 3-GHz profiler for precipitating cloud studies","volume":"16","author":"Ecklund","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(1990)007<0255:MORSDU>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Measurement of Raindrop Size Distributions Using a Small Doppler Radar","volume":"7","author":"Sheppard","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"378","article-title":"On the performance of a low-cost K-band Doppler radar for quantitative rain measurements","volume":"16","author":"Kunz","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"353","article-title":"Rain observations with a vertically looking Micro Rain Radar (MRR)","volume":"7","author":"Peters","year":"2002","journal-title":"Boreal Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1807","article-title":"Automated rain rate estimates using the Ka-band ARM zenith radar (KAZR)","volume":"7","author":"Chandra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sokol, Z., Min\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1, J., and Nov\u00e1k, P. (2018). Classification of hydrometeors using measurements of the ka-band cloud radar installed at the Mile\u0161ovka Mountain (Central Europe). Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10111674"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sokol, Z., Min\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1, J., and Fi\u0161er, O. (2020). Hydrometeor distribution and linear depolarization ratio in thunderstorms. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12132144"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lolli, S., D\u2019Adderio, L., Campbell, J., Sicard, M., Welton, E., Binci, A., Rea, A., Tokay, A., Comer\u00f3n, A., and Barragan, R. (2018). Vertically Resolved Precipitation Intensity Retrieved through a Synergy between the Ground-Based NASA MPLNET Lidar Network Measurements, Surface Disdrometer Datasets and an Analytical Model Solution. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201805.0266.v1"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lolli, S., Vivone, G., Lewis, J.R., Sicard, M., Welton, E.J., Campbell, J.R., Comer\u00f3n, A., D\u2019Adderio, L.P., Tokay, A., and Giunta, A. (2019). Overview of the New Version 3 NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) Automatic Precipitation Detection Algorithm. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12010071"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2015.07.002","article-title":"Improvement of vertical profiles of raindrop size distribution from micro rain radar using 2D video disdrometer measurements","volume":"169","author":"Adirosi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH-D-19-0085.1","article-title":"Rainfall and DSD parameters comparison between micro rain radar, two-dimensional video and parsivel2 disdrometers, and S-band dual-polarization radar","volume":"37","author":"Adirosi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, W.Y., Lee, G.W., Jou, B.J.D., Lee, W.C., Lin, P.L., and Yu, C.K. (2020). Uncertainty in measured raindrop size distributions from four types of collocated instruments. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12071167"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez, S., Bech, J., Udina, M., Codina, B., Paci, A., and Trapero, L. (2019). Decoupling between precipitation processes and mountain wave induced circulations observed with a vertically pointing K-band doppler radar. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11091034"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2018.10.014","article-title":"Variation in rain drop size distribution and rain integral parameters during southwest monsoon over a tropical station: An inter-comparison of disdrometer and Micro Rain Radar","volume":"217","author":"Jash","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2020.104895","article-title":"Raindrop size distribution and microphysical characteristics of a great rainstorm in 2016 in Beijing, China","volume":"239","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1175\/2008JTECHA1163.1","article-title":"A field study of reflectivity and Z-R relations using vertically pointing radars and disdrometers","volume":"26","author":"Tokay","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1267","article-title":"Diurnal patterns of rainfall in a tropical Andean valley of southern Ecuador as seen by a vertically pointing K-band Doppler radar","volume":"26","author":"Bendix","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seidel, J., Trachte, K., Orellana-Alvear, J., Figueroa, R., C\u00e9lleri, R., Bendix, J., Fernandez, C., and Huggel, C. (2019). Precipitation Characteristics at Two Locations in the Tropical Andes by Means of Vertically Pointing Micro-Rain Radar Observations. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11242985"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.111213","article-title":"Improving quantitative precipitation estimates in mountainous regions by modelling low-level seeder-feeder interactions constrained by Global Precipitation Measurement Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar measurements","volume":"231","author":"Arulraj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00376-009-0211-0","article-title":"Comparison of the bright band characteristics measured by Micro Rain Radar (MRR) at a mountain and a coastal site in South Korea","volume":"26","author":"Cha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brast, M., and Markmann, P. (2019). Detecting the Melting Layer with a Micro Rain Radar Using a Neural Network Approach. Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss.","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-2019-248"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH-D-16-0076.1","article-title":"Monitoring the Absolute Calibration of a Polarimetric Weather Radar","volume":"34","author":"Frech","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1995)052<0838:LTROOT>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Long-Term Radar Observations of the Melting Layer of Precipitation and Their Interpretation","volume":"52","author":"Fabry","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JD900310","article-title":"Identification of the bright band through the analysis of volumetric radar data","volume":"105","author":"Zawadzki","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"25","article-title":"Analysis of a method for radar rainfall estimation considering the freezing level height","volume":"7","author":"Bordoy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mediterr. Meteorol. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1029\/2018RS006567","article-title":"A Precipitation Classification System Using Vertical Doppler Radar Based on Neural Networks","volume":"54","author":"Makino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radio Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-86-6-809","article-title":"The Joint Polarization Experiment: Polarimetric Rainfall Measurements and Hydrometeor Classification","volume":"86","author":"Ryzhkov","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1175\/2008WAF2222205.1","article-title":"The hydrometeor classification algorithm for the polarimetric WSR-88D: Description and application to an MCS","volume":"24","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Weather Forecast."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1175\/JAMC-D-11-091.1","article-title":"Classification of precipitation types during transitional winter weather using the RUC model and polarimetric radar retrievals","volume":"51","author":"Schuur","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1175\/JAMC-D-12-0275.1","article-title":"A robust C-band hydrometeor identification algorithm and application to a long-term polarimetric radar dataset","volume":"52","author":"Dolan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2011.08.014","article-title":"Recent advances in classification of observations from dual polarization weather radars","volume":"119","author":"Chandrasekar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4425","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-9-4425-2016","article-title":"Hydrometeor classification through statistical clustering of polarimetric radar measurements: A semi-supervised approach","volume":"9","author":"Besic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"METEK (2015). MRR Physical Basics Valid for MRR Service Version \u2265 5.2.0.9, METEK. Technical Manual."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-5-2661-2012","article-title":"Improved Micro Rain Radar snow measurements using Doppler spectra post-processing","volume":"5","author":"Maahn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prohom, M., and Puig, O. (2016). 18. Weather Observation Network and Climate Change Monitoring in Catalonia, Spain. Planning to Cope with Tropical and Subtropical Climate Change, De Gruyter Open Poland.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110480795-019"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(2003)020<0845:TSOSPW>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The Sensitivity of Single Polarization Weather Radar Beam Blockage Correction to Variability in the Vertical Refractivity Gradient","volume":"20","author":"Bech","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2009.01.021","article-title":"Uncertainty of precipitation estimates in convective events by the Meteorological Service of Catalonia radar network","volume":"93","author":"Trapero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2019.104698","article-title":"Multi-sensor observations of an elevated rotor during a mountain wave event in the Eastern Pyrenees","volume":"234","author":"Udina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1974)013<0808:ODOTNL>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Objective Determination of the Noise Level in Doppler Spectra","volume":"13","author":"Hildebrand","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"116","article-title":"A triple-frequency approach to retrieve microphysical snowfall parameters","volume":"16","author":"Kneifel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1007\/s00376-017-7005-6","article-title":"Microphysical processes of a stratiform precipitation event over eastern China: Analysis using micro rain radar data","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"American Meteorological Society, Cited 2020 Drizzle (2020, September 08). Glossary of Meteorology. Available online: https:\/\/glossary.ametsoc.org\/wiki\/Drizzle."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"American Meteorological Society, Cited 2020 Rain (2020, September 08). Glossary of Meteorology. Available online: https:\/\/glossary.ametsoc.org\/wiki\/Rain."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH-D-18-0158.1","article-title":"A new criterion to improve operational drizzle detection with ground-based remote sensing","volume":"36","author":"Acquistapace","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalesse, H., Szyrmer, W., Kneifel, S., Kollias, P., and Luke, E. (2016). Fingerprints of a riming event on cloud radar Doppler spectra: Observations and modeling. Atmos. Chem. Phys.","DOI":"10.5194\/acpd-15-28619-2015"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1175\/JAMC-D-17-0076.1","article-title":"Empirical relations between size parameters of ice hydrometeor populations and radar reflectivity","volume":"56","author":"Matrosov","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2017.06.001","article-title":"Estimating radar reflectivity\u2014Snowfall rate relationships and their uncertainties over Antarctica by combining disdrometer and radar observations","volume":"196","author":"Souverijns","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1949)006<0243:TTVOFF>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The terminal velocity of fall for water droplets in stagnant air","volume":"6","author":"Gunn","year":"1949","journal-title":"J. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1969)008<0249:TVORA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Terminal Velocity of Raindrops Aloft","volume":"8","author":"Foote","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2015.04.011","article-title":"Separating stratiform and convective rain types based on the drop size distribution characteristics using 2D video disdrometer data","volume":"169","author":"Thurai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5068","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.5144","article-title":"Extreme point rainfall temporal scaling: A long term (1805\u20132014) regional and seasonal analysis in Spain","volume":"37","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1175\/MWR-D-12-00116.1","article-title":"Drop-size distributions in thunderstorms measured by optical disdrometers during VORTEX2","volume":"141","author":"Friedrich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mon. Weather Rev."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/met.25","article-title":"Fuzzy verification of high-resolution gridded forecasts: A review and proposed framework","volume":"15","author":"Ebert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Meteorol. Appl."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2969","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-13-2969-2013","article-title":"Mesoscale numerical analysis of the historical November 1982 heavy precipitation event over Andorra (Eastern Pyrenees)","volume":"13","author":"Trapero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S1464-1909(99)00099-4","article-title":"The impact of wind drift on the utility of very high spatial resolution radar data over urban areas","volume":"24","author":"Collier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Earth Part B Hydrol. Ocean. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2015.03.023","article-title":"Correcting for wind drift in high resolution radar rainfall products: A feasibility study","volume":"531","author":"Sandford","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2012.03.008","article-title":"Impacts of terminal velocity on the trajectory of winter precipitation types","volume":"116","author":"Stewart","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/24\/4113\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T10:45:49Z","timestamp":1760179549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/12\/24\/4113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["rs12244113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs12244113","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]}}}