{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:26:42Z","timestamp":1770748002244,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006606","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20JCQNJC01560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20JCQNJC01560"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41801061, 41930862"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41801061, 41930862"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Peiyang Young Scholar Program of Tianjin University","award":["2020XRG-0066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020XRG-0066"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coastal wetlands provide essential ecosystem services and are closely related to human welfare. However, they can experience substantial degradation, especially in regions in which there is intense human activity. To control these increasingly severe problems and to develop corresponding management policies in coastal wetlands, it is critical to accurately map coastal wetlands. Although remote sensing is the most efficient way to monitor coastal wetlands at a regional scale, it traditionally involves a large amount of work, high cost, and low spatial resolution when mapping coastal wetlands at a large scale. In this study, we developed a workflow for rapidly mapping coastal wetlands at a 10 m spatial resolution, based on the recently emergent Google Earth Engine platform, using a machine learning algorithm, open-access Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and optical images from the Sentinel satellites, and two terrain indices. We then generated a coastal wetland map of the Bohai Rim (BRCW10) based on the workflow. It has a producer accuracy of 82.7%, according to validation using 150 wetland samples. The BRCW10 data reflected finer information when compared to wetland maps derived from two sets of global high-spatial-resolution land cover data, due to the fusion of multiple data sources. The study highlights the benefits of simultaneously merging SAR and optical remote sensing images when mapping coastal wetlands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12244114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T22:12:06Z","timestamp":1608156726000},"page":"4114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Mapping Coastal Wetlands of the Bohai Rim at a Spatial Resolution of 10 m Using Multiple Open-Access Satellite Data and Terrain Indices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9260-9830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaobo","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Yonggen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Zhaoliang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Baozhang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Yangjian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Wenping","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Dynamics Urban Climate and Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 510245, China"}]},{"given":"Chu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300381, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0303-3978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4838-6806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangbin","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Marine Ecology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5399-2803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yidong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0476-5","article-title":"Future response of global coastal wetlands to sea-level rise","volume":"561","author":"Schuerch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2020.03.014","article-title":"Mapping coastal wetlands of China using time series Landsat images in 2018 and Google Earth Engine","volume":"163","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ISPRS J. 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