{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T23:59:19Z","timestamp":1768780759559,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41774014, 41574014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41774014, 41574014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Drought monitoring is useful to minimize the impact of drought on human production and the natural environment. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites can directly capture terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA) in the large basin, which represents a new source of hydrological information. In this study, the GRACE-based total storage deficit index (TSDI) is employed to investigate the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of drought in Southwest China from 2003 to 2016. The comparison results of TSDI with the standardized precipitation index (SPI), the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), and the self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index (SC-PDSI) show that TSDI has significant consistency with them, which verifies the reliability of TSDI. The spatial distribution of TSDI was more consistent with the governmental drought reports than SC-PDSI in the most severe drought event from September 2009 to April 2010. Finally, the links between drought and climate indicators are investigated using the partial least square regression (PLSR) model. The results show that insufficient precipitation has the most significant impact on drought in Southwest China, followed by excessive evaporation. Although Southwest China is selected as a case study in this paper, the method can be applied in other regions as well.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13010079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T10:33:56Z","timestamp":1609151636000},"page":"79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Drought and Driving Factors Based on the GRACE-Derived Total Storage Deficit Index: A Case Study in Southwest China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tingtao","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surveying and Landing Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"},{"name":"Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surveying and Landing Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"},{"name":"Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"School of Geomatics, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China"},{"name":"School of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"},{"name":"School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710126, China"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Hanwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surveying and Landing Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477-83.8.1149","article-title":"A review of twentieth-century drought indices used in the United States","volume":"83","author":"Heim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bull. 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