{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T20:38:57Z","timestamp":1768768737268,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42001016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42001016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Colleges, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan","award":["162301182738"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["162301182738"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Surface solar radiation (SSR) is the main factor affecting the earth\u2019s climate and environment and its variations and the reason for these variations are an important part of climate change research. In this research, we investigated the long-term variations of SSR during 1984\u20132016 and the quantitative influences of atmospheric aerosols, anthropogenic emissions, and meteorological conditions on SSR over China\u2019s mainland. The results show the following: (1) The annual average SSR values had a decline trend at a rate of \u22120.371 Wm\u22122 yr\u22121 from 1984 to 2016 over China. (2) The aerosol optical depth (AOD) plays the main role in inducing variations in SSR over China, with r values of \u22120.75. Moreover, there are marked regional differences in the influence of anthropogenic emissions and meteorological conditions on SSR trends. (3) From a regional perspective, AOD is the main influencing factor on SSR in northeast China (NEC), Yunnan Plateau and surrounding regions (YPS), North China (NC), and Loess Plateau (LP), with r values of \u22120.65, \u22120.60, \u22120.89, and \u22120.50, respectively. However, the main driving factors for SSR in northwest China (NWC) are \u201cin cloud optical thickness of all clouds\u201d (TAUTOT) (\u22120.26) and black carbon (BC) anthropogenic emissions (\u22120.21). TAUTOT (\u22120.39) and total precipitable water vapor (TQV) (\u22120.29) are the main influencing factors of SSR in the middle-lower Yangtze Plain (MYP). The main factors that influence SSR in southern China (SC) are surface pressure (PS) (\u22120.66) and AOD (\u22120.43). This research provides insights in understanding the variations of SSR and its relationships with anthropogenic conditions and meteorological factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13010088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T19:55:25Z","timestamp":1609271725000},"page":"88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Solar Brightening\/Dimming over China\u2019s Mainland: Effects of Atmospheric Aerosols, Anthropogenic Emissions, and Meteorological Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hejin","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Wenmin","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7783-5725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lunche","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Xuefang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"D00D16","article-title":"Global dimming and brightening: A review","volume":"114","author":"Wild","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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