{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T00:11:52Z","timestamp":1772842312535,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]],"date-time":"2020-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Information on spectral emissivity (SE) is vital when retrieving and evaluating land surface temperature (LST) estimates from remotely sensed observations. SE measurements often come from spectral libraries based upon laboratory spectroscopic measurements, with uncertainties typically derived from repeated measurements. To go further, we organised a \u201cround-robin\u201d inter-comparison exercise involving SE measurements of three samples collected at seven different international laboratories. The samples were distilled water, which has a uniformly high spectral emissivity, and two artificial samples (aluminium and gold sheets laminated in polyethylene), with variable emissivities and largely specular and Lambertian characteristics. Large differences were observed between some measurements, with standard deviations over 2.5\u201314 \u03bcm of 0.092, 0.054 and 0.028 emissivity units (15.98%, 7.56% and 2.92%) for the laminated aluminium sheet, laminated gold sheet and distilled water respectively. Wavelength shifts of up to 0.09 \u03bcm were evident between spectra from different laboratories for the specular sample, attributed to system design interacting with the angular behaviour of emissivity. We quantified the impact of these SE differences on satellite LST estimation and found that emissivity differences resulted in LSTs differing by at least 3.5 K for each artificial sample and by more than 2.5 K for the distilled water. Our findings suggest that variations between SE measurements derived via laboratory setups may be larger than previously assumed and provide a greater contribution to LST uncertainty than thought. The study highlights the need for the infrared spectroscopy community to work towards standardized and interlaboratory comparable results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13010102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]],"date-time":"2020-12-30T20:13:41Z","timestamp":1609359221000},"page":"102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Spectral Emissivity (SE) Measurement Uncertainties across 2.5\u201314 \u03bcm Derived from a Round-Robin Study Made across International Laboratories"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6078-0702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Langsdale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), c\/o Department of Geography, King\u2019s College London, London WC2B 4BG, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6375-7949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Wooster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), c\/o Department of Geography, King\u2019s College London, London WC2B 4BG, UK"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Koehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optosol GmbH, 83614 Miesbach, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6802-5042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Hecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Systems Analysis, University of Twente (UT-ITC), Hengelosestraat 99, P.O. Box 37, 7500 AA Enschede, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Hook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA-JPL) 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA-JPL) 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA-JPL) 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Maturilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Planetary Spectroscopy Laboratory (PSL) at the German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3218-6538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Poutier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ONERA\u2014The French Aerospace Lab, 6 Chemin de la Vauve aux Granges, 91120 Palaiseau, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5026-3189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), ARRC Building, 26 Dick Perry Avenue Kensington Western Australia 6151, P.O. Box 1130 Bentley, Kensington 6102, Australia"}]},{"given":"Franz","family":"Brucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy System (ISE), Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/02757259509532284","article-title":"Terminology in thermal infrared remote sensing of natural surfaces","volume":"12","author":"Norman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2020, November 16). World Meteorological Organization Essential Climate Variables. 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