{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T10:04:41Z","timestamp":1771236281297,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009000","name":"National Defense Pre-Research Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41701499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41701499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Research on the service values of urban ecosystems is a hot topic of ecological studies in the current era of rapid urbanization. To quantitatively estimate the ecosystem service value in Chengdu, China from the perspectives of natural ecology and social ecology, the technologies of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) are utilized in this study to extract the land use type information from RS images of Chengdu in 2003, 2007, 2013 and 2018. Subsequently, a driver analysis of the ecosystem services of Chengdu was performed based on socioeconomic data from the last 16 years. The results indicated that: (1) from 2003 to 2018, the land utilization in Chengdu changed significantly, with the area of cultivated lands, forest lands and water decreasing remarkably, while the area of construction lands dramatically increased. (2) The ecosystem services value (ESV) of Chengdu decreased by 30.92% in the last 16 years, from CNY 2.4078 \u00d7 1010 in 2003 to CNY 1.6632 \u00d7 1010 in 2018. Based on a future simulation, the ESV is further predicted to be reduced to CNY 1.4261 \u00d7 1010 by 2033. (3) The ESV of Chengdu showed a negative correlation with the total population, the urbanization rate and the per capita GDP of the region, indicating that the ESV of the studied region was inter-coupled with the socioeconomic development and can be maintained at a high level through rationally regulating the socioeconomic structure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13020207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T23:03:42Z","timestamp":1610319822000},"page":"207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Estimation of Urban Ecosystem Services Value: A Case Study of Chengdu, Southwestern China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1342-6417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoai","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1911-3585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian Alan","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Resources and Ecosystem Services, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, 2108-11, Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Penglan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linxin","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"},{"name":"College of Hydraulic and Hydroelectric Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naiwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"},{"name":"College of Hydraulic and Hydroelectric Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3649-0983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"},{"name":"College of Hydraulic and Hydroelectric Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"},{"name":"Signal Processing in Earth Observation, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengli","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"},{"name":"College of Hydraulic and Hydroelectric Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2387-4598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanzhi","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106711","article-title":"The response and simulation of ecosystem services value to land use\/land cover in an oasis, Northwest China","volume":"118","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.122988","article-title":"Valuing wetland ecosystem services based on benefit transfer: A meta-analysis of China wetland studies","volume":"276","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.111563","article-title":"Integrating Google Earth imagery with Landsat data to improve 30-m resolution land cover mapping","volume":"237","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-019-0665-8","article-title":"Increased global nitrous oxide emissions from streams and rivers in the Anthropocene","volume":"10","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envdev.2019.100490","article-title":"Environmental sustainability assessment of land disposal of municipal solid waste generated in Indian cities\u2014A review","volume":"33","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Dev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2018.05.001","article-title":"Estimating the impacts of land use\/land cover changes on Ecosystem Service Values: The case of the Andassa watershed in the Upper Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia","volume":"31","author":"Gashaw","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(16)61360-6","article-title":"Impacts of the north migration of China\u2019s rice production on its ecosystem service value during the last three decades (1980\u20132014)","volume":"16","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139506","article-title":"Prediction of future carbon footprint and ecosystem service value of carbon sequestration response to nitrogen fertilizer rates in rice production","volume":"735","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2017.12.017","article-title":"Evaluating the net value of ecosystem services to support ecological engineering: Framework and a case study of the Beijing Plains afforestation project","volume":"112","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.06.082","article-title":"Coastal landscape planning for improving the value of ecosystem services in coastal areas: Using system dynamics model","volume":"242","author":"You","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2018.09.015","article-title":"Tracing the spatial variation and value change of ecosystem services in Yellow River Delta, China","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.111297","article-title":"Loss of coastal ecosystem spatial connectivity and services by urbanization: Natural-to-urban integration for bay management","volume":"276","author":"Aguilera","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forpol.2020.102222","article-title":"Restoring the forest revives our culture: Ecosystem services and values for ecological restoration across the rural-urban nexus in South Africa","volume":"118","author":"Constant","year":"2020","journal-title":"For. Policy Econ."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2020.109358","article-title":"Projecting effects of land use change on human well-being through changes in ecosystem services","volume":"440","author":"Yee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2018.05.023","article-title":"Potential ecosystem service values of mangrove forests in southeastern China using high-resolution satellite data","volume":"209","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2017.09.008","article-title":"Twenty years of ecosystem services: How far have we come and how far do we still need to go?","volume":"28","author":"Costanza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.09.071","article-title":"A framework for assessing urban greenery\u2019s effects and valuing its ecosystem services","volume":"205","author":"Klingberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106980","article-title":"Urban stream assessment system (UsAs): An integrative tool to assess biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services","volume":"121","author":"Ranta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140721","article-title":"Spatio-temporal variations and coupling of human activity intensity and ecosystem services based on the four-quadrant model on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","volume":"743","author":"Yongxiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2020.104671","article-title":"Relative contribution of plant traits and soil properties to the functioning of a temperate forest ecosystem in the Indian Himalayas","volume":"194","author":"Rawat","year":"2020","journal-title":"CATENA"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.111068","article-title":"Spatio-temporal changes in ecosystem service values: Effects of land-use changes from past to future (1860\u20132100)","volume":"272","author":"Schirpke","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chnaes.2015.07.005","article-title":"Visualization analysis of ecological assets\/values research by knowledge mapping","volume":"35","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2017.06.017","article-title":"Ecosystem potentials to provide services in the view of direct users","volume":"26","author":"Affek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.03.020","article-title":"Marine ecosystem services","volume":"27","author":"Barbier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2016.11.017","article-title":"Integrating ecosystem services and disservices: Insights from plant invasions","volume":"23","author":"Vaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.07.078","article-title":"Land-use\/land-cover change and ecosystem service provision in China","volume":"576","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2017.02.003","article-title":"Analyzing land-use change scenarios for trade-offs among cultural ecosystem services in the Southern Rocky Mountains","volume":"26","author":"Sherrouse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2017.10.013","article-title":"Assessing, valuing and mapping ecosystem services at city level: The case of Uppsala (Sweden)","volume":"368","author":"Nikodinoska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2017.09.012","article-title":"Modelling feedback processes underpinning management of ecosystem services: The role of participatory systems mapping","volume":"28","author":"Lopes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121033","article-title":"Ecosystem services response to rural-urban transitions in coastal and island cities: A comparison between Shenzhen and Hong Kong, China","volume":"260","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2017.07.005","article-title":"Using ecosystem services to underpin cost\u2013benefit analysis: Is it a way to protect finite soil resources?","volume":"27","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2017.06.013","article-title":"Neglected ecosystem services: Highlighting the socio-cultural perception of mangroves in decision-making processes","volume":"26","author":"Queiroz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2016.11.008","article-title":"Integrating spatial valuation of ecosystem services into regional planning and development","volume":"26","author":"Tammi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2016.10.017","article-title":"Communicating research on the economic valuation of coastal and marine ecosystem services","volume":"75","author":"Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mar. Policy"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.05.048","article-title":"Evaluation of ecosystem service value of riparian zone using land use data from 1986 to 2012","volume":"69","author":"Fu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2016.03.001","article-title":"Ecosystem service valuation reinforces world class value of Cape York Peninsula\u2019s ecosystems but environment and indigenous people lose out","volume":"18","author":"Preece","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2016.03.001","article-title":"Chinese marine ecosystem services value: Regional and structural equilibrium analysis","volume":"125","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ocean. Coast. Manag."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2015.11.027","article-title":"The influence of climate change and human activities on ecosystem service value","volume":"87","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2017.03.013","article-title":"A review of modeling approaches for ecosystem services assessment in the Asian region","volume":"26","author":"Shoyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2016.04.004","article-title":"Ethnic and locational differences in ecosystem service values: Insights from the communities in forest islands in the desert","volume":"19","author":"Pfeifer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2016.06.006","article-title":"The impact of information, value-deliberation and group-based decision-making on values for ecosystem services: Integrating deliberative monetary valuation and storytelling","volume":"21","author":"Kenter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2016.05.002","article-title":"Psychographic profile affects willingness to pay for ecosystem services provided by Mediterranean high nature value farmland","volume":"128","author":"Alfnes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.08.015","article-title":"Landscape liveability spatial assessment integrating ecosystem and urban services with their perceived importance by stakeholders","volume":"72","author":"Antognelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sowmya, D.R., Shenoy, P.D., and Venugopal, K.R. (2019, January 29\u201331). Feature-based Land Use\/Land Cover Classification of Google Earth Imagery. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 5th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), Bombay, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/I2CT45611.2019.9033586"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.120424","article-title":"Examining effects of climate change and land use dynamic on biophysical and economic values of ecosystem services of a natural reserve region","volume":"257","author":"Sannigrahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2020.105160","article-title":"Estuarine cultural ecosystem services valued by local people in New South Wales, Australia, and attributes important for continued supply","volume":"190","author":"Martin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocean Coast. Manag."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.12.001","article-title":"A multi-criteria, ecosystem-service value method used to assess catchment suitability for potential wetland reconstruction in Denmark","volume":"77","author":"Odgaard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2019.101040","article-title":"Valuing mangrove biodiversity and ecosystem services: A deliberative choice experiment in Mida Creek, Kenya","volume":"40","author":"Owuor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2017.08.009","article-title":"Key M\u0101ori values strengthen the mapping of forest ecosystem services","volume":"27","author":"Lyver","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Serv."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2017.04.021","article-title":"Changes in coastal city ecosystem service values based on land use\u2014A case study of Yingkou, China","volume":"65","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2019.105720","article-title":"The spatial characteristics and relationships between landscape pattern and ecosystem service value along an urban-rural gradient in Xi\u2019an city, China","volume":"108","author":"Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/2\/207\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:08:49Z","timestamp":1760159329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/13\/2\/207"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["rs13020207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13020207","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]}}}