{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T11:27:21Z","timestamp":1771673241514,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FEDER INTERREG V program LEPTOI 32913 project"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FEDER INTERREG V program LEPTOI 32913 project"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leptospirosis, an environmental infectious disease of bacterial origin, is the infectious disease with the highest associated mortality in Seychelles. In small island territories, the occurrence of the disease is spatially heterogeneous and a better understanding of the environmental factors that contribute to the presence of the bacteria would help implement targeted control. The present study aimed at identifying the main environmental parameters correlated with animal reservoirs distribution and Leptospira infection in order to delineate habitats with highest prevalence. We used a previously published dataset produced from a large collection of rodents trapped during the dry and wet seasons in most habitats of Mah\u00e9, the main island of Seychelles. A land use\/land cover analysis was realized in order to describe the various environments using SPOT-5 images by remote sensing (object-based image analysis). At each sampling site, landscape indices were calculated and combined with other geographical parameters together with rainfall records to be used in a multivariate statistical analysis. Several environmental factors were found to be associated with the carriage of leptospires in Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus, namely low elevations, fragmented landscapes, the proximity of urbanized areas, an increased distance from forests and, above all, increased precipitation in the three months preceding trapping. The analysis indicated that Leptospira renal carriage could be predicted using the species identification and a description of landscape fragmentation and rainfall, with infection prevalence being positively correlated with these two environmental variables. This model may help decision makers in implementing policies affecting urban landscapes and\/or in balancing conservation efforts when designing pest control strategies that should also aim at reducing human contact with Leptospira-laden rats while limiting their impact on the autochthonous fauna.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13020325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T03:34:25Z","timestamp":1611113665000},"page":"325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Predicting the Presence of Leptospires in Rodents from Environmental Indicators Opens Up Opportunities for Environmental Monitoring of Human Leptospirosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6074-6582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leon","family":"Biscornet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, CNRS 9192, INSERM U 1187, IRD 249, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La R\u00e9union, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Emergentes dans l\u2019Oc\u00e9an Indien (CRVOI), Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La R\u00e9union, France"},{"name":"Seychelles Public Health Laboratory, Infectious Disease Surveillance Unit, Public Health Authority, Ministry of Health, Mont Fleuri P.O. Box 52, Mah\u00e9, Seychelles"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3896-2083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"R\u00e9villion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR ESPACE-DEV, IRD (IRD, Univ. Antilles, Univ. Guyane, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. R\u00e9union), 97410 Saint-Pierre, La R\u00e9union, France"}]},{"given":"Sylvaine","family":"J\u00e9go","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR ESPACE-DEV, IRD (IRD, Univ. Antilles, Univ. Guyane, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. R\u00e9union), 97410 Saint-Pierre, La R\u00e9union, France"}]},{"given":"Erwan","family":"Lagadec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, CNRS 9192, INSERM U 1187, IRD 249, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La R\u00e9union, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Emergentes dans l\u2019Oc\u00e9an Indien (CRVOI), Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La R\u00e9union, France"}]},{"given":"Yann","family":"Gomard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, CNRS 9192, INSERM U 1187, IRD 249, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La R\u00e9union, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Emergentes dans l\u2019Oc\u00e9an Indien (CRVOI), Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La R\u00e9union, France"}]},{"given":"Gildas","family":"Le Minter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, CNRS 9192, INSERM U 1187, IRD 249, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La R\u00e9union, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Emergentes dans l\u2019Oc\u00e9an Indien (CRVOI), Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La R\u00e9union, France"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9rard","family":"Rocamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Island Biodiversity and Conservation Centre, University of Seychelles (Unisey), Anse Royale P.O. Box 1348, Mah\u00e9, Seychelles"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0960-3874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanina","family":"Guernier-Cambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, CNRS 9192, INSERM U 1187, IRD 249, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La R\u00e9union, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Emergentes dans l\u2019Oc\u00e9an Indien (CRVOI), Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La R\u00e9union, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1050-6091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"M\u00e9lade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, CNRS 9192, INSERM U 1187, IRD 249, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La R\u00e9union, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Emergentes dans l\u2019Oc\u00e9an Indien (CRVOI), Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La R\u00e9union, France"}]},{"given":"Koussay","family":"Dellagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, CNRS 9192, INSERM U 1187, IRD 249, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La R\u00e9union, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Emergentes dans l\u2019Oc\u00e9an Indien (CRVOI), Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La R\u00e9union, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7928-7264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Tortosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union, CNRS 9192, INSERM U 1187, IRD 249, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La R\u00e9union, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Emergentes dans l\u2019Oc\u00e9an Indien (CRVOI), Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La R\u00e9union, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1762-6336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Herbreteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR ESPACE-DEV, IRD (IRD, Univ. Antilles, Univ. Guyane, Univ. Montpellier, Univ. R\u00e9union), 97410 Saint-Pierre, La R\u00e9union, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2208","article-title":"Leptospira: The dawn of the molecular genetics era for an emerging zoonotic pathogen","volume":"7","author":"Ko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fouts, D.E., Matthias, M.A., Adhikarla, H., Adler, B., Amorim-Santos, L., Berg, D.E., Bulach, D., Buschiazzo, A., Chang, Y.-F., and Galloway, R.L. (2016). What Makes a Bacterial Species Pathogenic?: Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Genus Leptospira. PLoS Negl. Trop. 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