{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:45:33Z","timestamp":1760233533326,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Precipitable water vapor retrievals are of major importance for assessing and understanding atmospheric radiative balance and solar radiation resources. On that basis, this study presents the first PWV values measured with a novel EKO MS-711 grating spectroradiometer from direct normal irradiance in the spectral range between 930 and 960 nm at the Iza\u00f1a Observatory (IZO, Spain) between April and December 2019. The expanded uncertainty of PWV (UPWV) was theoretically evaluated using the Monte-Carlo method, obtaining an averaged value of 0.37 \u00b1 0.11 mm. The estimated uncertainty presents a clear dependence on PWV. For PWV \u2264 5 mm (62% of the data), the mean UPWV is 0.31 \u00b1 0.07 mm, while for PWV &gt; 5 mm (38% of the data) is 0.47 \u00b1 0.08 mm. In addition, the EKO PWV retrievals were comprehensively compared against the PWV measurements from several reference techniques available at IZO, including meteorological radiosondes, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), CIMEL-AERONET sun photometer and Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The EKO PWV values closely align with the above mentioned different techniques, providing a mean bias and standard deviation of \u22120.30 \u00b1 0.89 mm, 0.02 \u00b1 0.68 mm, \u22120.57 \u00b1 0.68 mm, and 0.33 \u00b1 0.59 mm, with respect to the RS92, GNSS, FTIR and CIMEL-AERONET, respectively. According to the theoretical analysis, MB decreases when comparing values for PWV &gt; 5 mm, leading to a PWV MB between \u22120.45 mm (EKO vs. FTIR), and 0.11 mm (EKO vs. CIMEL-AERONET). These results confirm that the EKO MS-711 spectroradiometer is precise enough to provide reliable PWV data on a routine basis and, as a result, can complement existing ground-based PWV observations. The implementation of PWV measurements in a spectroradiometer increases the capabilities of these types of instruments to simultaneously obtain key parameters used in certain applications such as monitoring solar power plants performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13030350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:53:41Z","timestamp":1611190421000},"page":"350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Water Vapor Retrievals from Spectral Direct Irradiance Measured with an EKO MS-711 Spectroradiometer\u2014Intercomparison with Other Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9451-1631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Delia","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Optics Group of Valladolid University (GOA\u2013UVA), Valladolid University, 47001 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Iza\u00f1a Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), 38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1843-8302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio","family":"Cuevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iza\u00f1a Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), 38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4627-9444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria Eugenia","family":"Cachorro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Optics Group of Valladolid University (GOA\u2013UVA), Valladolid University, 47001 Valladolid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8395-6440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omaira E.","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iza\u00f1a Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), 38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5806-585X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1frica","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iza\u00f1a Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), 38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain"}]},{"given":"A. Fernando","family":"Almansa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atmospheric Optics Group of Valladolid University (GOA\u2013UVA), Valladolid University, 47001 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Iza\u00f1a Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), 38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Cimel Electronique, 75011 Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4879-3284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro M.","family":"Romero-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iza\u00f1a Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), 38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iza\u00f1a Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), 38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"P\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EKO INSTRUMENTS Europe B.V., 2521 The Hague, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Kees","family":"Hoogendijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EKO INSTRUMENTS Europe B.V., 2521 The Hague, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-ASF), 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IPCC (2013). 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