{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:44:34Z","timestamp":1760233474332,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We developed an extension of a previously proposed classification scheme that is based upon Freeman\u2013Durden and Cloude\u2013Pottier decompositions of polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data, along with a Double-Bounce Eigenvalue Relative Difference (DERD) parameter, and a Random Forest (RF) classifier. The extension was done, firstly, by using dual-copolarization SAR data acquired at shorter wavelengths (C- and X-band, in addition to the previously used L-band) and, secondly, by adding indicators derived from the (polarimetric) Kennaugh elements. The performance of the newly developed classification scheme, herein abbreviated as FCDK-RF, was tested using SAR data of exposed intertidal flats. We demonstrate that the FCDK-RF scheme is capable of distinguishing between different sediment types, namely mud and sand, at high spatial accuracies. Moreover, the classification scheme shows good potential in the detection of bivalve beds on the exposed flats. Our results show that the developed FCDK-RF scheme can be applied for the mapping of sediments and habitats in the Wadden Sea on the German North Sea coast using multi-frequency and multi-polarization SAR from ALOS-2 (L-band), Radarsat-2 (C-band) and TerraSAR-X (X-band).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13030360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T11:49:40Z","timestamp":1611229780000},"page":"360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Classification Scheme for Sediments and Habitats on Exposed Intertidal Flats with Multi-Frequency Polarimetric SAR"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4031-2303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wensheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Network Information System Technology (NIST), Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"The Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6514-1272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Gade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Meereskunde, Universit\u00e4t Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Stelzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geo-Information Services, Brockmann Consult GmbH, 21029 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5515-4320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rn","family":"Kohlus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landesbetrieb f\u00fcr K\u00fcstenschutz, Nationalpark und Meeresschutz Schleswig-Holstein (LKN), Nationalparkverwaltung, 25832 T\u00f6nning, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Network Information System Technology (NIST), Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"The Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Network Information System Technology (NIST), Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"The Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3710","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70403710","article-title":"Remote sensing of epibenthic shellfish using Synthetic Aperture Radar satellite imagery","volume":"7","author":"Nieuwhof","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gade, M. 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