{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T13:34:37Z","timestamp":1774964077267,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000804","name":"Eurostat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ESTAT\/E\/2018\/012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESTAT\/E\/2018\/012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["689443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["689443"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cities are recognised as key enablers for the world\u2019s sustainable future. Urban sprawl and inefficient use of land are important issues significantly impacting the provision and use of open green spaces. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator 11.7.1 aims at globally monitoring the amount of land that is dedicated by cities for public space. In Europe, the indicator \u201cShare of urban population without green urban areas in their neighbourhood\u201d is supposed to correspond to the SDG11.7.1 but is currently on-hold due to methodological issues and lack of data. Moreover, to efficiently assess public space conditions, timely and spatially disaggregated information is essential but not yet widely adopted by urban practitioners. Hereafter, we use a combination of satellite and crowdsourced Earth Observations (EO) to model physical accessibility to urban green spaces in four European cities. Findings suggest that it is technically feasible to derive information on the share of urban population without green urban areas in their neighbourhood. Results demonstrate that the proposed methodology represents a consistent, valid, reliable, low-cost, timely and continuous source of information for sustainable urban development. Open and free EO data can be a good complement to enhance official and traditional statistics on urban areas facilitating EU reporting against the SDG indicator for better comparison between EU countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13030422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T08:29:16Z","timestamp":1611649756000},"page":"422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Modelling Accessibility to Urban Green Areas Using Open Earth Observations Data: A Novel Approach to Support the Urban SDG in Four European Cities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1825-8865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Bd Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"United Nations Environment Programme, GRID-Geneva, 11 chemin des An\u00e9mones, CH-1211 Ch\u00e2telaine, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Ekkehard","family":"Petri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Commission\u2014Eurostat, 5 Rue Alphonse Weicker, L-2721 Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Interwies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intersus\u2014Sustainability Services, Chodowieckistr. 2, 10405 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Vysna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Commission\u2014Eurostat, 5 Rue Alphonse Weicker, L-2721 Luxembourg, Luxembourg"}]},{"given":"Yaniss","family":"Guigoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Bd Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"United Nations Environment Programme, GRID-Geneva, 11 chemin des An\u00e9mones, CH-1211 Ch\u00e2telaine, Switzerland"},{"name":"GeoHealth Group, Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, 9 chemin des Mines, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4696-5313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Bd Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"GeoHealth Group, Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, 9 chemin des Mines, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Dickie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eftec\u2014Economics for the Environment, 4 City Road, London EC1Y 2AA, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melchiorri, M., Pesaresi, M., Florczyk, A.J., Corbane, C., and Kemper, T. 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